ought

Who acts: you, us, we, Effie, He · What happens: be, use, let, work, do, say · To what, where: old noun sense, us, happy man · Speech: someone speaks here

«ought» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ought in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

Should, or was right to; the old noun sense (anything) is no longer used.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 right	aux
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 right	punct
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 right	cc
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 right	cop
5	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	5 right	xcomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 used	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sense	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sense	amod
10	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sense	compound
11	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 used	nsubj:pass
12	(	(	PUNCT	_	13 anything	punct
13	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 sense	appos
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	13 anything	punct
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 used	aux:pass
16	no	no	ADV	_	17 longer	advmod
17	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 used	advmod
18	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 right	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	should						right property	tree rules
2	use	present · passive		the old noun sense				long property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Let us work as we ought.”

From The Blue Fairy Book.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Let	obj
3	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Let	xcomp
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	6 ought	mark
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 ought	nsubj
6	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 work	advcl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Let	punct
8	”	"	PUNCT	_	1 Let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	imperative	you not said here	us					tree rules
2	work	infinitive	us not said here						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 2

"What ought we to do?" said Effie.

From The Book of Dragons.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct
2	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 do	obj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
4	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 do	nsubj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 do	mark
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 said	ccomp
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct
9	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	Effie	Effie	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 said	nsubj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do in a quote	ought	we						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
2	say speech: ask	past	Effie						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Example 3

He ought to be a happy man.

From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 man	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 man	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	7 man	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 man	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 man	det
6	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 man	amod
7	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 man	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	ought	He	a happy man					tree rules

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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