owest
Who acts: you, form, someone, I, thou, we · What happens: owe, mean, have, pay back, lend, sit · To what, where: money, thee, naught, me, back, master · Speech: someone speaks here
«owest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: owest in the Early Modern English dictionary.
Meaning 1
«owest» means «you owe», a form of «owe».
The tree, 8 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 owest | punct |
| 2 | owest | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | nsubj |
| 3 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 owest | punct |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 7 owe | punct |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 owe | nsubj |
| 7 | owe | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | ccomp |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 7 owe | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 form | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 form | det |
| 11 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | parataxis |
| 12 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 14 owe | mark |
| 13 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 owe | punct |
| 14 | owe | owe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 form | acl |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 owe | punct |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | owe in a quote | present | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | owe in a quote | present | you | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | owe in a quote | infinitive | a form not said here | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
To have to pay back money that someone lent you.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 have | mark |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 pay | mark |
| 4 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 have | xcomp |
| 5 | back | back | ADV | _ | 4 pay | advmod |
| 6 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pay | obj |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 lent | obj |
| 8 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 lent | nsubj |
| 9 | lent | lend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 money | acl:relcl |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 lent | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | pay back | to-infinitive | money | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset | |||||
| 3 | lend | past | someone | money | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent that=Recipient you=Theme |
Example 1
I owe thee naught, and thou owest naught to me; so sit on my back again, and I'll take thee to my master."
From Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales.
The tree, 24 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 owe | nsubj |
| 2 | owe | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 2 owe | obj |
| 4 | naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 2 owe | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 owest | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 owest | cc |
| 7 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 8 owest | nsubj |
| 8 | owest | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 owe | parataxis |
| 9 | naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 8 owest | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 me | case |
| 11 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 owest | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 sit | punct |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 sit | advmod |
| 14 | sit | sit | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 owe | conj |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 back | case |
| 16 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 back | nmod:poss |
| 17 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sit | obl |
| 18 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 sit | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 take | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 take | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 take | nsubj |
| 22 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 take | aux |
| 23 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 sit | conj |
| 24 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 take | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 master | case |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 master | nmod:poss |
| 27 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 take | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 owe | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 owe | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | owe | present | I | thee | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent thou=Goal naught=Theme | ||||
| 2 | owe | present | thou | naught | me | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent naught=Theme to i=Goal | |||
| 3 | sit | infinitive | I not said here | my back | again | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location | |||
| 4 | take | future | I | thee | my master | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thou=Theme to master=Destination |
Example 2
“Of that we shall judge later,” said Bagheera, in a dry voice that Mowgli did not at all like. “But here is Kaa to whom we owe the battle and thou owest thy life.
From The Jungle Book.
Sentence 1: “Of that we shall judge later,” said Bagheera, in a dry voice that Mowgli did not at all like.
The tree, 19 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 2 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 3 that | case |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 said | obl |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 judge | nsubj |
| 5 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 judge | aux |
| 6 | judge | judge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 that | acl:relcl |
| 7 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 judge | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 that | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 that | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | Bagheera | Bagheera | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 voice | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 voice | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 voice | det |
| 15 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 voice | amod |
| 16 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 did | obj |
| 18 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 did | nsubj |
| 19 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 voice | acl:relcl |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 did | advmod |
| 21 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 all | case |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 did | conj |
| 23 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 22 all | discourse |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | judge in a quote | shall | we | late property | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Bagheera | a dry voice | of that | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in voice=Manner | |||
| 3 | not do | past | Mowgli | a dry voice | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
Sentence 2: “But here is Kaa to whom we owe the battle and thou owest thy life.
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 here | punct |
| 2 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 here | cc |
| 3 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 here | cop |
| 5 | Kaa | Kaa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 here | nsubj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 whom | case |
| 7 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 here | obl |
| 8 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 owe | nsubj |
| 9 | owe | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 whom | acl:relcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 battle | det |
| 11 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 owe | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 owest | cc |
| 13 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 14 owest | nsubj |
| 14 | owest | owe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 here | conj |
| 15 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 16 life | nmod:poss |
| 16 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 owest | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 here | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | Kaa | here property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | owe in a quote | present | we | the battle | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent battle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | owe in a quote | present | thou | thy life | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/O/owest/