pray

Who acts: pray, I, Torah, you, he, Thy · What happens: mean, beg, use, speak, pray, give · To what, where: you, pray, God, her, it, glory · Speech: someone speaks here

«pray» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pray in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

In old texts "pray" means "please" or "I beg you"; the Torah also uses it for speaking to God.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 texts	case
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 texts	amod
3	texts	text	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 means	obl
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 pray	punct
5	pray	pray	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	nsubj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 pray	punct
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 please	punct
9	please	please	INTJ	_	7 means	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 please	punct
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 beg	cc
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 beg	punct
13	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 beg	nsubj
14	beg	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 means	conj
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 beg	obj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 beg	punct
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 uses	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Torah	det
19	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 uses	nsubj
20	also	also	ADV	_	21 uses	advmod
21	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 means	conj
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 uses	obj
23	for	for	SCONJ	_	24 speaking	mark
24	speaking	speak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 uses	advcl
25	to	to	ADP	_	26 God	case
26	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 speaking	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present	pray			in old texts	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot please=Theme in text=Attribute
2	beg speech: request in a quote	present	I		you		vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
3	use	present	the Torah	pray			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
4	speak speech: other	gerund	the Torah not said here		God		vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to god=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

I pray you give her unto him to wife.

From Torah GEN.34.8, JPS 1917.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 pray	nsubj
2	pray	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 give	nsubj
4	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pray	ccomp
5	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 give	iobj
6	unto	unto	ADP	_	7 him	case
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 give	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 wife	mark
9	wife	wife	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 give	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pray	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	present	I						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	give	present	you		her = she			unto him = he	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme

Example 2

"Take it pray, as a present!"

From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Take	punct
2	Take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 Take	obj
4	pray	pray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 Take	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 present	punct
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 present	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 present	det
8	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Take	obl
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Take	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take in a quote	imperative	you not said here	it				as a present	tree rules
2	pray in a quote	infinitive	you not said here						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Example 3

And he said: 'Show me, I pray Thee, Thy glory.'

From Torah EXO.33.18, JPS 1917.

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 said	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 Show	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	6 Show	punct
6	Show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
7	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 Show	iobj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 pray	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 pray	nsubj
10	pray	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 Show	conj
11	Thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	10 pray	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 glory	punct
13	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	14 glory	nmod:poss
14	glory	glory	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 Show	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 Show	punct
16	'	'	PUNCT	_	6 Show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	he			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	show	infinitive		Thy glory	me	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient
3	pray	present	I	Thee		tree rules
4	glory		Thy			nom glory «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/P/pray/