📖 aboundWho acts: Rabbits, river, Wildflowers, Great Barrier Reef, Rumours, Mistakes · What happens: abound, mean, exist, have, love, appear · To what, where: large numbers, fields, something, lots, meadow, village · Speech: someone speaks here
«abound» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abound in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 To abound means to exist in large numbers or amounts: «Rabbits abound in these fields.».
The tree, 15 words mark csubj mark xcomp case amod obl cc conj punct punct nsubj parataxis case det obl punct punct punct root To PART abound VERB means VERB to PART exist VERB in ADP large ADJ numbers NOUN or CCONJ amounts NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Rabbits NOUN abound VERB in ADP these DET fields NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 abound mark 2 abound abound VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 exist mark 5 exist exist VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 numbers case 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 numbers amod 8 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 5 exist obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 amounts cc 10 amounts amount NOUN Number=Plur 8 numbers conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 abound punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 abound punct 13 Rabbits rabbit NOUN Number=Plur 14 abound nsubj 14 abound abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 15 in in ADP _ 17 fields case 16 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 17 fields det 17 fields field NOUN Number=Plur 14 abound obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 14 abound punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 14 abound punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound to-infinitive vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 exist not said to happen to-infinitive large numbers or amounts vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location 4 abound in a quote present Rabbits this fields vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 To abound in or with something means to have lots of it: «The river abounds with fish.».
The tree, 17 words mark csubj case cc conj obl mark xcomp obj case nmod punct punct det nsubj parataxis case obl punct punct punct root To PART abound VERB in ADP or CCONJ with ADP something PRON means VERB to PART have VERB lots NOUN of ADP it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET river NOUN abounds VERB with ADP fish NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 abound mark 2 abound abound VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means csubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 something case 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 with cc 5 with with ADP _ 3 in conj 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 abound obl 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 have mark 9 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 9 have obj 11 of of ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 lots nmod 13 : : PUNCT _ 17 abounds punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 17 abounds punct 15 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 river det 16 river river NOUN Number=Sing 17 abounds nsubj 17 abounds abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 means parataxis 18 with with ADP _ 19 fish case 19 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 17 abounds obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 17 abounds punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 17 abounds punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound to-infinitive something vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in something=Location 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen to-infinitive lots of it vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient 4 abound in a quote present the river with fish vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fish=Theme
Example 1 Wildflowers abound in the meadow in June.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root Wildflowers NOUN abound VERB in ADP the DET meadow NOUN in ADP June PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wildflowers wildflower NOUN Number=Plur 2 abound nsubj 2 abound abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 meadow case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 meadow det 5 meadow meadow NOUN Number=Sing 2 abound obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 June case 7 June June PROPN Number=Sing 2 abound obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 abound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound present Wildflowers the meadow june vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in meadow=Location
Example 2 The Great Barrier Reef abounds with colourful fish.
det amod compound nsubj case amod obl punct root The DET Great ADJ Barrier PROPN Reef PROPN abounds VERB with ADP colourful ADJ fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Reef det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Reef amod 3 Barrier Barrier PROPN Number=Sing 4 Reef compound 4 Reef Reef PROPN Number=Sing 5 abounds nsubj 5 abounds abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 fish case 7 colourful colourful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fish amod 8 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 5 abounds obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 abounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound present the Great Barrier Reef with colourful fish vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fish=Theme
Example 3 Rumours abounded about the new teacher.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root Rumours NOUN abounded VERB about ADP the DET new ADJ teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rumours rumour NOUN Number=Plur 2 abounded nsubj 2 abounded abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 6 teacher case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 teacher det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 teacher amod 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 2 abounded obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 abounded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound past Rumours about the new teacher vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about teacher=Location
Example 4 Stories about the old castle abound in the village.
nsubj case det amod nmod advmod case det punct root Stories NOUN about ADP the DET old ADJ castle NOUN abound ADV in ADP the DET village NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stories story NOUN Number=Plur 9 village nsubj 2 about about ADP _ 5 castle case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 castle det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 castle amod 5 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stories nmod 6 abound abound ADV _ 9 village advmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 village case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 village det 9 village village NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 village punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 Mistakes abound in his homework.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root Mistakes NOUN abound VERB in ADP his PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 2 abound nsubj 2 abound abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 homework case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 homework nmod:poss 5 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 2 abound obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 abound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound present Mistakes his homework vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in homework=Location
Example 6 Opportunities abound for children who love sport here.
nsubj case obl nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod punct root Opportunities NOUN abound VERB for ADP children NOUN who PRON love VERB sport NOUN here ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Opportunities opportunity NOUN Number=Plur 2 abound nsubj 2 abound abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 children case 4 children child NOUN Number=Plur 2 abound obl 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 love nsubj 6 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 children acl:relcl 7 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 6 love obj 8 here here ADV PronType=Dem 6 love advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 abound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound present Opportunities for children vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme 2 love present children sport here vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sport=Stimulus
Example 7 The Sirens would appear to have been personifications of those numerous rocks and unseen dangers, which abound on the S.W. coast of Italy.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj aux mark aux cop obj case det amod nmod cc amod conj punct nsubj parataxis case det obl punct obl case nmod punct root The DET Sirens PROPN would AUX appear VERB to PART have AUX been AUX personifications NOUN of ADP those DET numerous ADJ rocks NOUN and CCONJ unseen ADJ dangers NOUN , PUNCT which PRON abound VERB on ADP the DET S.W PROPN . PUNCT coast NOUN of ADP Italy PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Sirens det 2 Sirens Siren PROPN Number=Plur 4 appear nsubj 3 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 appear aux 4 appear appear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 8 personifications mark 6 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 personifications aux 7 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 personifications cop 8 personifications personification NOUN Number=Plur 4 appear obj 9 of of ADP _ 12 rocks case 10 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 12 rocks det 11 numerous numerous ADJ Degree=Pos 12 rocks amod 12 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 8 personifications nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 dangers cc 14 unseen unseen ADJ Degree=Pos 15 dangers amod 15 dangers danger NOUN Number=Plur 12 rocks conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 abound punct 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 abound nsubj 18 abound abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 rocks parataxis 19 on on ADP _ 21 S.W case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 S.W det 21 S.W S.W PROPN Number=Sing 18 abound obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 23 coast punct 23 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 4 appear obl 24 of of ADP _ 25 Italy case 25 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 23 coast nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 appear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear would the Sirens coast of Italy vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a to-infinitive · perfect personifications of that numerous rocks and unseen dangers tree rules 3 abound present that numerous rocks and unseen dangers the S.W vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on s.w=Location
Example 8 ()f the Sefer Yetzirah II little need be said ; it abounds in trifles, contradictions and repetitions. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: ()f the Sefer Yetzirah II little need be said ; it abounds in trifles, contradictions and repetitions.
The tree, 16 words punct punct mark det nsubj:pass flat nummod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct nsubj case obl punct conj cc conj punct root ( PUNCT ) PUNCT f ADP the DET Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN II NUM little ADJ need NOUN be AUX said VERB ; PUNCT it PRON abounds VERB in ADP trifles NOUN , PUNCT contradictions NOUN and CCONJ repetitions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 abounds punct 2 ) ) PUNCT _ 1 ( punct 3 f for ADP Abbr=Yes 11 said mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 said det 5 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj:pass 6 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 5 Sefer flat 7 II II NUM NumForm=Roman NumType=Card 9 need nummod 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 need amod 9 need need NOUN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj:pass 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 said aux:pass 11 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 abounds advcl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 said punct 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 abounds nsubj 14 abounds abound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 15 in in ADP _ 16 trifles case 16 trifles trifle NOUN Number=Plur 14 abounds obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 contradictions punct 18 contradictions contradiction NOUN Number=Plur 16 trifles conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 repetitions cc 20 repetitions repetition NOUN Number=Plur 16 trifles conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 14 abounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert infinitive · passive Sefer II little need nsubj:pass vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic 2 abound present need trifles and contradictions and repetitions vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in trifle=Location
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 words punct punct det appos case nmod cc conj case fixed nmod flat punct list punct root ( PUNCT Mordell PROPN , PUNCT The DET Origin PROPN of ADP Letters NOUN and CCONJ Numerals NOUN according VERB to ADP Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN ( PUNCT 1914 NUM )) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct 2 Mordell Mordell PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Origin punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Origin det 5 Origin Origin PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 Letters case 7 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 Origin nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Numerals cc 9 Numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 Letters conj 10 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 Sefer case 11 to to ADP _ 10 according fixed 12 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell nmod 13 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 12 Sefer flat 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 1914 punct 15 1914 1914 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Mordell list 16 )) )) PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Example 9 When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water. (Writings PRO.8.24, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water.
The tree, 17 words advmod expl advcl det nsubj punct nsubj aux:pass advmod punct advmod expl cop det conj acl case obl punct root When ADV there PRON were VERB no DET depths NOUN , PUNCT I PRON was AUX brought VERB forth ADV ; PUNCT when ADV there PRON were AUX no DET fountains NOUN abounding VERB with ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 were advmod 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 were expl 3 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 brought advcl 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 depths det 5 depths depth NOUN Number=Plur 3 were nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 were punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 brought nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 brought aux:pass 9 brought bring VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 forth forth ADV _ 9 brought advmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 fountains punct 12 when when ADV PronType=Int 14 were advmod 13 there there PRON PronType=Dem 14 were expl 14 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 fountains cop 15 no no DET PronType=Neg 16 fountains det 16 fountains fountain NOUN Number=Plur 9 brought conj 17 abounding abound VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 fountains acl 18 with with ADP _ 19 water case 19 water water NOUN Number=Sing 17 abounding obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 brought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past no depths there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 bring past · passive I forth property vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination 3 is a past no fountains tree rules 4 abound gerund no fountains not said here with water vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with water=Theme
Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.8.24, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PRO.8.24 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 PRO.8.24 PRO.8.24 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 PRO.8.24 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 PRO.8.24 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 A faithful man shall abound with blessings; but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be unpunished. (Writings PRO.28.20, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: A faithful man shall abound with blessings; but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be unpunished.
The tree, 19 words det amod nsubj aux case obl punct cc nsubj obj conj obj mark cop ccomp aux advmod aux:pass conj punct root A DET faithful ADJ man NOUN shall AUX abound VERB with ADP blessings NOUN ; PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON that PRON maketh VERB haste NOUN to PART be AUX rich ADJ shall AUX not PART be AUX unpunished VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 man det 2 faithful faithful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 abound nsubj 4 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 abound aux 5 abound abound VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 blessings case 7 blessings blessing NOUN Number=Plur 5 abound obl 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 maketh punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 12 maketh cc 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 maketh nsubj 11 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 he obj 12 maketh make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 abound conj 13 haste haste NOUN Number=Sing 12 maketh obj 14 to to PART _ 16 rich mark 15 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 16 rich cop 16 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 12 maketh ccomp 17 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 unpunished aux 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 unpunished advmod 19 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 unpunished aux:pass 20 unpunished unpunish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 rich conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 abound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abound shall a faithful man with blessings vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with blessing=Theme 2 make present man haste vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haste=Product 3 is to-infinitive man not said here rich property tree rules 4 not unpunish shall · passive man not said here tree rules
Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.28.20, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PRO.28.20 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 PRO.28.20 PRO.28.20 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 PRO.28.20 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 PRO.28.20 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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