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chihuahua

Who acts: chihuahua, they, it · What happens: be, name, fit, bark, shiver, put · To what, where: small breed, large state, northern Mexico, dog, handbag, little coat

«chihuahua» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chihuahua in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

A chihuahua is a very small breed of dog with big ears and big eyes, the smallest dog breed in the world.

The tree, 22 words
detnsubjcopdetadvmodamodcasenmodcaseamodnmodccamodconjpunctdetamodcompoundconjcasedetnmodpunctrootADETchihuahuaNOUNisAUXaDETveryADVsmallADJbreedNOUNofADPdogNOUNwithADPbigADJearsNOUNandCCONJbigADJeyesNOUN,PUNCTtheDETsmallestADJdogNOUNbreedNOUNinADPtheDETworldNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 chihuahuadet
2chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing7 breednsubj
3isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 breedcop
4aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 breeddet
5veryveryADV_6 smalladvmod
6smallsmallADJDegree=Pos7 breedamod
7breedbreedNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
8ofofADP_9 dogcase
9dogdogNOUNNumber=Sing7 breednmod
10withwithADP_12 earscase
11bigbigADJDegree=Pos12 earsamod
12earsearNOUNNumber=Plur9 dognmod
13andandCCONJ_15 eyescc
14bigbigADJDegree=Pos15 eyesamod
15eyeseyeNOUNNumber=Plur12 earsconj
16,,PUNCT_20 breedpunct
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 breeddet
18smallestsmallADJDegree=Sup20 breedamod
19dogdogNOUNNumber=Sing20 breedcompound
20breedbreedNOUNNumber=Sing7 breedconj
21ininADP_23 worldcase
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 worlddet
23worldworldNOUNNumber=Sing20 breednmod
24..PUNCT_7 breedpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresenta chihuahuaa small breed and the smallest dog breed in the worldof dog with big ears and big eyes; the smallest dog breed in the world conjtree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

Chihuahua is a large state in northern Mexico and a city there, after which the dog is named.

The tree, 18 words
nsubjcopdetamodcaseamodnmodccdetconjadvmodpunctcaseobldetnsubj:passaux:passconjpunctrootChihuahuaPROPNisAUXaDETlargeADJstateNOUNinADPnorthernADJMexicoPROPNandCCONJaDETcityNOUNthereADV,PUNCTafterADPwhichPRONtheDETdogNOUNisAUXnamedVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ChihuahuaChihuahuaPROPNNumber=Sing5 statensubj
2isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 statecop
3aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art5 statedet
4largelargeADJDegree=Pos5 stateamod
5statestateNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
6ininADP_8 Mexicocase
7northernnorthernADJDegree=Pos8 Mexicoamod
8MexicoMexicoPROPNNumber=Sing5 statenmod
9andandCCONJ_11 citycc
10aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art11 citydet
11citycityNOUNNumber=Sing8 Mexicoconj
12therethereADVPronType=Dem11 cityadvmod
13,,PUNCT_19 namedpunct
14afterafterADP_15 whichcase
15whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel19 namedobl
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 dogdet
17dogdogNOUNNumber=Sing19 namednsubj:pass
18isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin19 namedaux:pass
19namednameVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass5 stateconj
20..PUNCT_5 statepunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresentChihuahuaa large statenorthern Mexico and a citytree rules
2namepresent · passivethe dogafter a large statevn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 1

A chihuahua is small enough to fit in a handbag.

detnsubjcopadvmodmarkadvclcasedetoblpunctrootADETchihuahuaNOUNisAUXsmallADJenoughADVtoPARTfitVERBinADPaDEThandbagNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 chihuahuadet
2chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing4 smallnsubj
3isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 smallcop
4smallsmallADJDegree=Posrootroot
5enoughenoughADV_4 smalladvmod
6totoPART_7 fitmark
7fitfitVERBVerbForm=Inf4 smalladvcl
8ininADP_10 handbagcase
9aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art10 handbagdet
10handbaghandbagNOUNNumber=Sing7 fitobl
11..PUNCT_4 smallpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispresenta chihuahuaenough, small propertytree rules
2fitto-infinitivea chihuahua not said herea handbagvn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in handbag=Trajectory

Example 2

Our neighbour's chihuahua barks at the postman.

nmod:possnmod:posscasensubjcasedetoblpunctrootOurPRONneighbourNOUN'sPARTchihuahuaNOUNbarksVERBatADPtheDETpostmanNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1OurourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs2 neighbournmod:poss
2neighbourneighbourNOUNNumber=Sing4 chihuahuanmod:poss
3's'sPART_2 neighbourcase
4chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing5 barksnsubj
5barksbarkVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6atatADP_8 postmancase
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 postmandet
8postmanpostmanNOUNNumber=Sing5 barksobl
9..PUNCT_5 barkspunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1barkpresentOur neighbour's chihuahuaat the postmanvn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at postman=Stimulus

Example 3

The chihuahua shivered, so they put a little coat on it.

detnsubjpunctadvmodnsubjconjdetamodobjcaseoblpunctrootTheDETchihuahuaNOUNshiveredVERB,PUNCTsoADVtheyPRONputVERBaDETlittleADJcoatNOUNonADPitPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 chihuahuadet
2chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing3 shiverednsubj
3shiveredshiverVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4,,PUNCT_7 putpunct
5sosoADV_7 putadvmod
6theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs7 putnsubj
7putputVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 shiveredconj
8aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art10 coatdet
9littlelittleADJDegree=Pos10 coatamod
10coatcoatNOUNNumber=Sing7 putobj
11ononADP_12 itcase
12ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs7 putobl
13..PUNCT_3 shiveredpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1shiverpastthe chihuahuavn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2putpasttheya little coatchihuahuavn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on it=Destination

Example 4

Chihuahuas are named after a place in Mexico.

nsubj:passaux:passcasedetoblcasenmodpunctrootChihuahuasNOUNareAUXnamedVERBafterADPaDETplaceNOUNinADPMexicoPROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ChihuahuaschihuahuaNOUNNumber=Plur3 namednsubj:pass
2arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 namedaux:pass
3namednameVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
4afterafterADP_6 placecase
5aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art6 placedet
6placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing3 namedobl
7ininADP_8 Mexicocase
8MexicoMexicoPROPNNumber=Sing6 placenmod
9..PUNCT_3 namedpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1namepresent · passiveChihuahuasafter a place in Mexicovn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 5

Even though it is tiny, the chihuahua acts like a guard dog.

advmodmarknsubjcopadvclpunctdetnsubjcasedetcompoundoblpunctrootEvenADVthoughSCONJitPRONisAUXtinyADJ,PUNCTtheDETchihuahuaNOUNactsVERBlikeADPaDETguardNOUNdogNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1EvenevenADV_9 actsadvmod
2thoughthoughSCONJ_5 tinymark
3ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs5 tinynsubj
4isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 tinycop
5tinytinyADJDegree=Pos9 actsadvcl
6,,PUNCT_5 tinypunct
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 chihuahuadet
8chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing9 actsnsubj
9actsactVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
10likelikeADP_13 dogcase
11aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art13 dogdet
12guardguardNOUNNumber=Sing13 dogcompound
13dogdogNOUNNumber=Sing9 actsobl
14..PUNCT_9 actspunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispresentittiny propertytree rules
2actpresentthe chihuahualike a guard dogvn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like dog=Attribute

Example 6

The chihuahua weighed less than two bags of sugar.

detnsubjadvmodcasenummodoblcasenmodpunctrootTheDETchihuahuaNOUNweighedVERBlessADVthanADPtwoNUMbagsNOUNofADPsugarNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 chihuahuadet
2chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing3 weighednsubj
3weighedweighVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4lesslessADVDegree=Cmp3 weighedadvmod
5thanthanADP_7 bagscase
6twotwoNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card7 bagsnummod
7bagsbagNOUNNumber=Plur3 weighedobl
8ofofADP_9 sugarcase
9sugarsugarNOUNNumber=Sing7 bagsnmod
10..PUNCT_3 weighedpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1weighpastthe chihuahuathan two bags of sugar; less propertyvn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Example 7

Chihuahua is the biggest state in Mexico.

nsubjcopdetamodcasenmodpunctrootChihuahuaPROPNisAUXtheDETbiggestADJstateNOUNinADPMexicoPROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ChihuahuaChihuahuaPROPNNumber=Sing5 statensubj
2isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 statecop
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 statedet
4biggestbigADJDegree=Sup5 stateamod
5statestateNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
6ininADP_7 Mexicocase
7MexicoMexicoPROPNNumber=Sing5 statenmod
8..PUNCT_5 statepunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresentChihuahuathe biggest stateMexicotree rules

Example 8

My aunt's chihuahua sleeps on a cushion by the fire.

nmod:possnmod:posscasensubjcasedetoblcasedetoblpunctrootMyPRONauntNOUN'sPARTchihuahuaNOUNsleepsVERBonADPaDETcushionNOUNbyADPtheDETfireNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1MymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs2 auntnmod:poss
2auntauntNOUNNumber=Sing4 chihuahuanmod:poss
3's'sPART_2 auntcase
4chihuahuachihuahuaNOUNNumber=Sing5 sleepsnsubj
5sleepssleepVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6ononADP_8 cushioncase
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art8 cushiondet
8cushioncushionNOUNNumber=Sing5 sleepsobl
9bybyADP_11 firecase
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 firedet
11firefireNOUNNumber=Sing5 sleepsobl
12..PUNCT_5 sleepspunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1sleeppresentMy aunt's chihuahuaa cushionby the firevn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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