chinese

Who acts: Chinese, Mandarin, 15 students, Chinese restaurant, She, He · What happens: mean, be, speak, study, sell, learn · To what, where: China, language, main kind, people, Chinese, 40 meals · Speech: someone speaks here

«chinese» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chinese in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

Chinese means from China or about China.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 China	case
4	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 means	obl
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 China	cc
6	about	about	ADP	_	7 China	case
7	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 China	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Chinese			China or China			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

Chinese is the language spoken in China; Mandarin is its main kind.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 language	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 language	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 language	det
4	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 language	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 China	case
7	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 spoken	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 kind	punct
9	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 kind	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 kind	cop
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 kind	nmod:poss
12	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 kind	amod
13	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 language	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 language	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Chinese	the language and its main kind			tree rules
2	speak speech: other	participle		the language and its main kind not said here	China		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	Mandarin	its main kind		its = it nmod:poss	tree rules

Everyday, meaning 3

The Chinese are the people of China.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Chinese	det
2	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 people	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 people	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 people	det
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 China	case
7	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 people	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 people	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Chinese	the people				of China	tree rules

Example 1

15 students study Chinese.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 students	nummod
2	students	student	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 study	nsubj
3	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 study	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present	15 students	Chinese					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chinese=Topic

Example 2

The Chinese restaurant sold 40 meals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 restaurant	det
2	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 restaurant	amod
3	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sold	nsubj
4	sold	sell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 meals	nummod
6	meals	meal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sold	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	past	the Chinese restaurant	40 meals					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Theme

Example 3

She learns 8 Chinese words a week.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 learns	nsubj
2	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 words	nummod
4	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 learns	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 week	det
7	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 words	nmod:unmarked
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 learns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	She	8 Chinese words a week					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic

Example 4

He bought 3 Chinese lanterns.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bought	nsubj
2	bought	buy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 lanterns	nummod
4	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lanterns	amod
5	lanterns	lantern	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bought	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	past	He	3 Chinese lanterns					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lantern=Theme

Example 5

We watched the dragon dance at Chinese New Year.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 watched	nsubj
2	watched	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 dance	det
4	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dance	compound
5	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 watched	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 Year	case
7	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Year	compound
8	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Year	compound
9	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 watched	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 watched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch	past	We	the dragon dance			at Chinese New Year		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Theme

Example 6

Chinese is written with characters, not letters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 written	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 written	aux:pass
3	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 characters	case
5	characters	character	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 written	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 letters	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 letters	advmod
8	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 characters	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 written	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present · passive		Chinese				with characters and letters	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 7

My friend speaks Chinese and English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 speaks	nsubj
3	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 speaks	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 English	cc
6	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Chinese	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 speaks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	My friend	Chinese and English					tree rules

Example 8

They ate Chinese food with chopsticks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ate	nsubj
2	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 food	amod
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ate	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 chopsticks	case
6	chopsticks	chopstick	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ate	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	They	Chinese food				with chopsticks	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Example 9

"But mamma says the Chinese have straight hair," the little boy suggested.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	But	but	CCONJ	_	4 says	cc
3	mamma	mamma	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Chinese	det
6	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 have	nsubj
7	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
8	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 hair	amod
9	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 have	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 suggested	punct
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 suggested	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 boy	det
13	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 boy	amod
14	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 suggested	nsubj
15	suggested	suggest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 have	advcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	mamma		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have in a quote	present	the Chinese	straight hair	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient
3	suggest speech: suggest	past	the little boy		vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 10

Giles, A History of Chinese Lit- erature, New York, 1901, p. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giles	gil	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 History	punct
3	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 History	det
4	History	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Giles	conj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 erature	case
6	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 erature	nsubj
7	Lit	Lit	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 erature	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 erature	punct
9	erature	erature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 History	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 York	punct
11	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 York	flat
12	York	York	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 erature	appos
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 1901	punct
14	1901	1901	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 York	flat
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 p.	punct
16	p.	P.	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 York	conj
17	(	(	PUNCT	_	18 Mordell	punct
18	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 p.	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 Origin	punct
20	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 Origin	det
21	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Mordell	appos
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 Letters	case
23	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 Origin	nmod
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 Numerals	cc
25	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 Letters	conj
26	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 Sefer	case
27	to	to	ADP	_	26 according	fixed
28	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Giles	nmod
29	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 Sefer	flat
30	(	(	PUNCT	_	31 1914	punct
31	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 Sefer	appos
32	))	))	PUNCT	_	31 1914	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 11

* The Chinese Philosophers even actually said that the circle 0 and the (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	*	*	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
2	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Philosophers	det
3	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Philosophers	amod
4	Philosophers	Philosopher	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 said	nsubj
5	even	even	ADV	_	7 said	advmod
6	actually	actually	ADV	_	7 said	advmod
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 circle	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 circle	det
10	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 said	ccomp
11	0	0	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 circle	flat
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Mordell	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Mordell	det
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
15	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 circle	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Origin	punct
17	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Origin	det
18	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Mordell	appos
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Letters	case
20	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Origin	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Numerals	cc
22	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Letters	conj
23	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 Sefer	case
24	to	to	ADP	_	23 according	fixed
25	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Letters	nmod
26	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Sefer	flat
27	(	(	PUNCT	_	28 1914	punct
28	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Mordell	list
29	))	))	PUNCT	_	28 1914	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the Chinese Philosophers					the circle the Mordell ccomp; actually property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 12

To avoid writing too many strokes, the Chinese made one stroke to represent five units. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: To avoid writing too many strokes, the Chinese made one stroke to represent five units.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 avoid	mark
2	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	writing	write	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 strokes	amod
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 many	advmod
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 strokes	amod
6	strokes	stroke	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 avoid	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 made	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Chinese	det
9	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 made	nsubj
10	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 strokes	acl:relcl
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 stroke	nummod
12	stroke	stroke	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 represent	mark
14	represent	represent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 stroke	acl
15	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 units	nummod
16	units	unit	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 represent	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 avoid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	avoid	to-infinitive		writing many strokes	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent stroke=Location
2	write	gerund			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	make	past	the Chinese	one stroke	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stroke=Product
4	represent	to-infinitive	the Chinese not said here	five units	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot unit=Theme

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/C/chinese/

📖 chinese

Everyday, meaning 1

Everyday, meaning 2

Everyday, meaning 3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

Example 11

Example 12

chinese