📖 cragWho acts: high rock, Edinburgh Castle, Climbers, Mist, old sailor, you · What happens: stick out, perch, stand, scale, hide, have · To what, where: hill, steep rough rocky cliff, eagle, crag, volcanic crag, steep crag
«crag» in the English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crag in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 A steep, rough, rocky cliff or high rock sticking out from a hill or mountain.
The tree, 15 words det amod punct amod punct amod cc amod conj acl compound:prt case det obl cc conj punct root A DET steep ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ , PUNCT rocky ADJ cliff NOUN or CCONJ high ADJ rock NOUN sticking VERB out ADP from ADP a DET hill NOUN or CCONJ mountain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cliff det 2 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cliff amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 steep punct 4 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cliff amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 rough punct 6 rocky rocky ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cliff amod 7 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 rock cc 9 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 10 rock amod 10 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 7 cliff conj 11 sticking stick VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 rock acl 12 out out ADP _ 11 sticking compound:prt 13 from from ADP _ 15 hill case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 hill det 15 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 11 sticking obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 mountain cc 17 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 15 hill conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 cliff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick out gerund high rock not said here a hill or mountain vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 An eagle perched on the crag.
det acl case det obl punct root An DET eagle NOUN perched VERB on ADP the DET crag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 eagle det 2 eagle eagle NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 perched perch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 eagle acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 crag case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 crag det 6 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 3 perched obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 eagle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perch participle a eagle not said here the crag vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on crag=Location
Example 2 Edinburgh Castle stands on a volcanic crag.
compound nsubj case det amod obl punct root Edinburgh PROPN Castle PROPN stands VERB on ADP a DET volcanic ADJ crag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh PROPN Number=Sing 2 Castle compound 2 Castle Castle PROPN Number=Sing 3 stands nsubj 3 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 7 crag case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 crag det 6 volcanic volcanic ADJ Degree=Pos 7 crag amod 7 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 3 stands obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stands punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand present Edinburgh Castle a volcanic crag vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on crag=Location
Example 3 Climbers scaled the steep crag.
nsubj det amod obj punct root Climbers NOUN scaled VERB the DET steep ADJ crag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Climbers climber NOUN Number=Plur 2 scaled nsubj 2 scaled scale VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 crag det 4 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 5 crag amod 5 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 2 scaled obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 scaled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scale past Climbers the steep crag vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crag=Source
Example 4 Mist hid the crags above the valley.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Mist NOUN hid VERB the DET crags NOUN above ADP the DET valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mist mist NOUN Number=Sing 2 hid nsubj 2 hid hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 crags det 4 crags crag NOUN Number=Plur 2 hid obj 5 above above ADP _ 7 valley case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 valley det 7 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 2 hid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide past Mist the crags the valley vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent crag=Patient above valley=Location
Example 5 The old sailor had a craggy face.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET old ADJ sailor NOUN had VERB a DET craggy ADJ face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sailor det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sailor amod 3 sailor sailor NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 face det 6 craggy craggy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 face amod 7 face face NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old sailor a craggy face vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient
Example 6 Don't climb crags without proper gear and an instructor.
aux advmod obj case amod obl cc det conj punct root Do AUX n't PART climb VERB crags NOUN without ADP proper ADJ gear NOUN and CCONJ an DET instructor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 climb aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 climb advmod 3 climb climb VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 crags crag NOUN Number=Plur 3 climb obj 5 without without ADP _ 7 gear case 6 proper proper ADJ Degree=Pos 7 gear amod 7 gear gear NOUN Number=Sing 3 climb obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 instructor cc 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 instructor det 10 instructor instructor NOUN Number=Sing 7 gear conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 climb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not climb imperative · do-support you not said here crags without proper gear and a instructor vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location crag=Theme
Example 7 Next year the Eagle built her nest far up on a mountain crag; but the Beetle found it and again destroyed the eggs.
The tree, 23 words amod obl:unmarked det nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod advmod case det compound obl punct cc det nsubj parataxis obj cc advmod conj det obj punct root Next ADJ year NOUN the DET Eagle PROPN built VERB her PRON nest NOUN far ADV up ADV on ADP a DET mountain NOUN crag NOUN ; PUNCT but CCONJ the DET Beetle NOUN found VERB it PRON and CCONJ again ADV destroyed VERB the DET eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Next next ADJ Degree=Pos 2 year amod 2 year year NOUN Number=Sing 5 built obl:unmarked 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Eagle det 4 Eagle Eagle PROPN Number=Sing 5 built nsubj 5 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 nest nmod:poss 7 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 5 built obj 8 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 up advmod 9 up up ADV _ 5 built advmod 10 on on ADP _ 13 crag case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 crag det 12 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 13 crag compound 13 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 5 built obl 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 found punct 15 but but CCONJ _ 18 found cc 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 Beetle det 17 Beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 18 found nsubj 18 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 built parataxis 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 found obj 20 and and CCONJ _ 22 destroyed cc 21 again again ADV _ 22 destroyed advmod 22 destroyed destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 found conj 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 eggs det 24 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 22 destroyed obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past the Eagle Eagle's nest a mountain crag year vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent nest=Theme on crag=Source 2 find past the Beetle nest vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 3 destroy past the Beetle not said here the eggs again vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient
Example 8 He made him ride on the high places of the earth, and he did eat the fruitage of the field; and He made him to suck honey out of the crag, and oil out of the flinty rock; (Torah DEU.32.13, JPS 1917)
The tree, 42 words nsubj obj xcomp case det amod obl case det nmod punct cc nsubj aux conj det obj case det nmod punct cc nsubj conj obj mark xcomp obj case case det obl punct cc obl case case det amod obl punct punct compound obl punct appos flat punct root He PRON made VERB him PRON ride VERB on ADP the DET high ADJ places NOUN of ADP the DET earth NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON did AUX eat VERB the DET fruitage NOUN of ADP the DET field NOUN ; PUNCT and CCONJ He PRON made VERB him PRON to PART suck VERB honey NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET crag NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ oil NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET flinty ADJ rock NOUN ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Torah PROPN DEU.32.13 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made obj 4 ride ride VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 made xcomp 5 on on ADP _ 8 places case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 places det 7 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 8 places amod 8 places place NOUN Number=Plur 4 ride obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 earth case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 earth det 11 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 8 places nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 eat punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 eat cc 14 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 eat nsubj 15 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 eat aux 16 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 ride conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 fruitage det 18 fruitage fruitage NOUN Number=Sing 16 eat obj 19 of of ADP _ 21 field case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 field det 21 field field NOUN Number=Sing 18 fruitage nmod 22 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 made punct 23 and and CCONJ _ 25 made cc 24 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 made nsubj 25 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 made conj 26 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 made obj 27 to to PART _ 28 suck mark 28 suck suck VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 made xcomp 29 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 28 suck obj 30 out out ADP _ 33 crag case 31 of of ADP _ 33 crag case 32 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 crag det 33 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 28 suck obl 34 , , PUNCT _ 36 oil punct 35 and and CCONJ _ 36 oil cc 36 oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 37 out out ADP _ 41 rock case 38 of of ADP _ 41 rock case 39 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 41 rock det 40 flinty flinty ADJ Degree=Pos 41 rock amod 41 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 42 ; ; PUNCT _ 45 DEU.32.13 punct 43 ( ( PUNCT _ 45 DEU.32.13 punct 44 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 45 DEU.32.13 compound 45 DEU.32.13 DEU.32.13 PROPN Number=Sing 2 made obl 46 , , PUNCT _ 47 JPS punct 47 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 45 DEU.32.13 appos 48 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 47 JPS flat 49 ) ) PUNCT _ 47 JPS punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past He him = he the flinty rock oil obl ; Torah DEU.32.13 obl tree rules 2 ride infinitive him = he not said here the high places of the earth vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 3 eat past · do-support he the fruitage of the field vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruitage=Patient 4 make past He him = he tree rules 5 suck to-infinitive him = he not said here honey the crag vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent honey=Theme out crag=Source
Example 9 The rock-badgers are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the crags; (Writings PRO.30.26, JPS 1917)
The tree, 20 words det compound punct nsubj cop cc det amod punct cc parataxis obj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct punct appos appos punct flat flat punct root The DET rock NOUN - PUNCT badgers NOUN are AUX but CCONJ a DET feeble ADJ folk NOUN , PUNCT yet CCONJ make VERB they PRON their PRON houses NOUN in ADP the DET crags NOUN ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PRO.30.26 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 badgers det 2 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 4 badgers compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 rock punct 4 badgers badger NOUN Number=Plur 9 folk nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 folk cop 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 folk cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 folk det 8 feeble feeble ADJ Degree=Pos 9 folk amod 9 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 make punct 11 yet yet CCONJ _ 12 make cc 12 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 folk parataxis 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 make obj 14 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 houses nmod:poss 15 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 12 make obj 16 in in ADP _ 18 crags case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 crags det 18 crags crag NOUN Number=Plur 12 make obl 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 Writings punct 20 ( ( PUNCT _ 21 Writings punct 21 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 9 folk appos 22 PRO.30.26 PRO.30.26 PROPN Number=Sing 21 Writings appos 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 JPS punct 24 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 22 PRO.30.26 flat 25 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 22 PRO.30.26 flat 26 ) ) PUNCT _ 21 Writings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the rock badgers a feeble folk Writings appos tree rules 2 make infinitive badgers = badger the crags badgers's houses obj vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary house=Product
Example 10 She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the stronghold. (Writings JOB.39.28, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the stronghold.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cc conj case det obl punct case det conj case det nmod punct cc det obl punct root She PRON dwelleth VERB and CCONJ abideth VERB on ADP the DET rock NOUN , PUNCT upon ADP the DET crag NOUN of ADP the DET rock NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET stronghold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dwelleth nsubj 2 dwelleth dwell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 abideth cc 4 abideth abide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 dwelleth conj 5 on on ADP _ 7 rock case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rock det 7 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 4 abideth obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 crag punct 9 upon upon ADP _ 11 crag case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 crag det 11 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 7 rock conj 12 of of ADP _ 14 rock case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 rock det 14 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 11 crag nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 stronghold punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 stronghold cc 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 stronghold det 18 stronghold stronghold NOUN Number=Sing 2 dwelleth obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 dwelleth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dwell present She the stronghold vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 abide present She not said here the rock and the crag of the rock tree rules
Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.39.28, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN JOB.39.28 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 JOB.39.28 JOB.39.28 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 JOB.39.28 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 JOB.39.28 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 11 The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmas, and the other on the south in front of Geba. (Prophets 1SA.14.5, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmas, and the other on the south in front of Geba.
The tree, 22 words det nummod nsubj compound:prt case det obl case nmod case nmod punct cc det parataxis case det obl case nmod case nmod punct root The DET one NUM crag NOUN rose VERB up ADP on ADP the DET north NOUN in ADP front NOUN of ADP Michmas PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET other ADJ on ADP the DET south NOUN in ADP front NOUN of ADP Geba PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 crag det 2 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 crag nummod 3 crag crag NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose nsubj 4 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 rose compound:prt 6 on on ADP _ 8 north case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 north det 8 north north NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 front case 10 front front NOUN Number=Sing 8 north nmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 Michmas case 12 Michmas Michmas PROPN Number=Sing 10 front nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 other punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 other cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 other det 16 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rose parataxis 17 on on ADP _ 19 south case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 south det 19 south south NOUN Number=Sing 16 other obl 20 in in ADP _ 21 front case 21 front front NOUN Number=Sing 19 south nmod 22 of of ADP _ 23 Geba case 23 Geba Geba PROPN Number=Sing 21 front nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise up past the one crag the north in front of Michmas vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on north=Location
Sentence 2: (Prophets 1SA.14.5, JPS 1917)
punct flat punct nmod:unmarked conj punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN 1SA.14.5 NUM , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 1SA.14.5 1SA.14.5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Prophets flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 1917 punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 6 1917 nmod:unmarked 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 1SA.14.5 conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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