📖 cravingWho acts: craving, smoker, ing form, I, Mum, Smokers · What happens: be, crave, want, have, expect, feel · To what, where: strong wish, strong need, ing form, something, craving, cravings · Speech: someone speaks here
«craving» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: craving in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 A craving is a very strong wish for something, especially a food or drink.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod case nmod punct advmod det nmod cc conj punct root A DET craving NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV strong ADJ wish NOUN for ADP something PRON , PUNCT especially ADV a DET food NOUN or CCONJ drink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 craving det 2 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 7 wish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 wish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 wish det 5 very very ADV _ 6 strong advmod 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wish amod 7 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 wish nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 food punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 13 food advmod 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 food det 13 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 something nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 drink cc 15 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 13 food conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a craving a strong wish for something a food or drink tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 A strong need for an addictive thing, like a smoker's craving for a cigarette.
The tree, 15 words det amod case det amod nmod punct case det nmod:poss case conj case det nmod punct root A DET strong ADJ need NOUN for ADP an DET addictive ADJ thing NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET smoker NOUN 's PART craving NOUN for ADP a DET cigarette NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 need det 2 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 need amod 3 need need NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 for for ADP _ 7 thing case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thing det 6 addictive addictive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 thing amod 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 3 need nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 craving punct 9 like like ADP _ 13 craving case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 smoker det 11 smoker smoker NOUN Number=Sing 13 craving nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 smoker case 13 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 3 need conj 14 for for ADP _ 16 cigarette case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 cigarette det 16 cigarette cigarette NOUN Number=Sing 13 craving nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
2 crave a smoker for a cigarette nom craving «feeling transitive»: poss=agent for=obl
Everyday, meaning 3 Craving is also the -ing form of «crave», to want something very strongly.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop advmod det punct compound mark punct acl punct punct mark conj obj advmod advmod punct root Craving NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT crave VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT to PART want VERB something PRON very ADV strongly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 7 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 form cop 3 also also ADV _ 7 form advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 form det 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 the punct 6 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 7 form compound 7 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of SCONJ _ 10 crave mark 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 crave punct 10 crave crave VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 form acl 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 crave punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 want punct 13 to to PART _ 14 want mark 14 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 crave conj 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 want obj 16 very very ADV _ 17 strongly advmod 17 strongly strongly ADV _ 14 want advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Craving the ing form tree rules 2 crave in a quote infinitive the ing form not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 want to-infinitive the ing form not said here something strongly property vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot something=Theme
Example 1 I have a craving for ice cream.
nsubj det obj case compound nmod punct root I PRON have VERB a DET craving NOUN for ADP ice NOUN cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 craving det 4 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 cream case 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 7 cream compound 7 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 4 craving nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a craving for ice cream vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent craving=Patient
Example 2 Mum had cravings for pickles when she was expecting the baby.
nsubj obj case obl mark nsubj aux advcl det obj punct root Mum NOUN had VERB cravings NOUN for ADP pickles NOUN when SCONJ she PRON was AUX expecting VERB the DET baby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cravings craving NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 pickles case 5 pickles pickle NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 expecting mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 expecting nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 expecting aux 9 expecting expect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 had advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 baby det 11 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 9 expecting obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Mum cravings for pickles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent craving=Patient 2 expect past · progressive Mum the baby vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme
Example 3 Smokers feel cravings when they try to stop.
nsubj obj mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp punct root Smokers NOUN feel VERB cravings NOUN when SCONJ they PRON try VERB to PART stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smokers smoker NOUN Number=Plur 2 feel nsubj 2 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cravings craving NOUN Number=Plur 2 feel obj 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 try mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 try nsubj 6 try try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 feel advcl 7 to to PART _ 8 stop mark 8 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 try xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel present Smokers cravings vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent craving=Theme 2 try present Smokers = smoker vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive Smokers = smoker not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 He is craving attention from his friends.
nsubj aux obj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON is AUX craving VERB attention NOUN from ADP his PRON friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 craving nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 craving aux 3 craving crave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 3 craving obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 friends case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 friends nmod:poss 7 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 3 craving obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 craving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crave present · progressive He attention from his friends vn want-32.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot attention=Theme
Example 5 Buddhists teach that craving leads to suffering.
nsubj mark nsubj ccomp case obl punct root Buddhists NOUN teach VERB that SCONJ craving VERB leads VERB to ADP suffering NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buddhists buddhist NOUN Number=Plur 2 teach nsubj 2 teach teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 5 leads mark 4 craving crave VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 leads nsubj 5 leads lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 teach ccomp 6 to to ADP _ 7 suffering case 7 suffering suffering NOUN Number=Sing 5 leads obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 teach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present Buddhists vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 crave gerund vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 lead present to suffering vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to suffering=Patient
Example 6 After the run I was craving water.
case det obl nsubj aux obj punct root After ADP the DET run NOUN I PRON was AUX craving VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 run case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 run det 3 run run NOUN Number=Sing 6 craving obl 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 craving nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 craving aux 6 craving crave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 craving obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 craving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crave past · progressive I water after the run vn want-32.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot water=Theme
Example 7 A glass of milk stopped my craving for something sweet.
det nsubj case nmod nmod:poss obj case obl amod punct root A DET glass NOUN of ADP milk NOUN stopped VERB my PRON craving NOUN for ADP something PRON sweet ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glass det 2 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 milk case 4 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 glass nmod 5 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 craving nmod:poss 7 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped obj 8 for for ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 stopped obl 10 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past a glass of milk my craving for something vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality craving=Eventuality 2 crave my nom craving «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 He sold all his possessions in order to satisfy his cravings, and was forced at last to devour his own limbs.
The tree, 21 words nsubj det:predet nmod:poss obj case obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct cc aux:pass parataxis case obl mark xcomp nmod:poss amod obj punct root He PRON sold VERB all DET his PRON possessions NOUN in ADP order NOUN to PART satisfy VERB his PRON cravings NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ was AUX forced VERB at ADP last ADJ to PART devour VERB his PRON own ADJ limbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sold nsubj 2 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 possessions det:predet 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 possessions nmod:poss 5 possessions possession NOUN Number=Plur 2 sold obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 order case 7 order order NOUN Number=Sing 2 sold obl 8 to to PART _ 9 satisfy mark 9 satisfy satisfy VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sold advcl 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 cravings nmod:poss 11 cravings craving NOUN Number=Plur 9 satisfy obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 forced punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 forced cc 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 forced aux:pass 15 forced force VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sold parataxis 16 at at ADP _ 17 last case 17 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 15 forced obl 18 to to PART _ 19 devour mark 19 devour devour VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 forced xcomp 20 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 limbs nmod:poss 21 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 22 limbs amod 22 limbs limb NOUN Number=Plur 19 devour obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past He his possessions order vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme 2 satisfy to-infinitive He not said here his cravings vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus craving=Experiencer 3 force past · passive last vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: clause=Topic 4 devour to-infinitive his own limbs vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent limb=Patient 5 possess his = he nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent 6 crave his = he nom craving «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 And they tried God in their heart by asking food for their craving. (Writings PSA.78.18, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And they tried God in their heart by asking food for their craving.
cc nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct root And CCONJ they PRON tried VERB God PROPN in ADP their PRON heart NOUN by SCONJ asking VERB food NOUN for ADP their PRON craving NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 tried cc 2 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 tried nsubj 3 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 God God PROPN Number=Sing 3 tried obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 heart case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 heart nmod:poss 7 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 tried obl 8 by by SCONJ _ 9 asking mark 9 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 tried advcl 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 asking obj 11 for for ADP _ 13 craving case 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 craving nmod:poss 13 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 9 asking obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past they God their heart vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Eventuality 2 ask speech: ask gerund they not said here food for their craving vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent food=Recipient 3 crave their = they nom craving «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.78.18, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PSA.78.18 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 PSA.78.18 PSA.78.18 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 PSA.78.18 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 PSA.78.18 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 They were not estranged from their craving, their food was yet in their mouths, (Writings PSA.78.30, JPS 1917)
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux:pass advmod case nmod:poss obl punct nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod case nmod:poss obl punct punct conj appos punct flat flat punct root They PRON were AUX not PART estranged VERB from ADP their PRON craving NOUN , PUNCT their PRON food NOUN was AUX yet ADV in ADP their PRON mouths NOUN , PUNCT ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PSA.78.30 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 estranged nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 estranged aux:pass 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 estranged advmod 4 estranged estrange VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 craving case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 craving nmod:poss 7 craving craving NOUN Number=Sing 4 estranged obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 15 mouths punct 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 food nmod:poss 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 15 mouths nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 mouths cop 12 yet yet ADV _ 15 mouths advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 mouths case 14 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 mouths nmod:poss 15 mouths mouth NOUN Number=Plur 4 estranged obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 Writings punct 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 Writings punct 18 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 15 mouths conj 19 PSA.78.30 PSA.78.30 PROPN Number=Sing 18 Writings appos 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 JPS punct 21 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 19 PSA.78.30 flat 22 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 19 PSA.78.30 flat 23 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 mouths punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not estrange past · passive They their craving tree rules 2 is past their food their mouths and Writings yet their = they nmod:poss ; Writings conj tree rules 3 crave their = they nom craving «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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