📖 C — The English dictionary · page 19

cetacean — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) Any member of the group of sea mammals that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.↗ Example: Whales, dolphins and porpoises are all cetaceans.↗ · Cetaceans breathe air through a blowhole.↗ · The blue whale is the biggest cetacean and the biggest animal ever.↗ · A cetacean is a mammal, not a fish.↗ · We saw cetaceans from the boat off the coast of New Zealand.↗ · In the story, the Whale got a grating stuck in his throat.↗

cf — Everyday, meaning 1: (formal, writing) Short for the Latin word «confer», meaning «compare»; it tells the reader to look at another thing and compare it with this one.↗ Example: Rabbit (cf. hare) is a smaller animal with shorter ears.↗ · The text says "cf. chapter 3" so I turned to chapter 3.↗ · The dictionary wrote "cf. affect" next to "effect".↗ · In the notes it said: warm-blooded, cf. cold-blooded.↗ · Cf. means "compare", not "see also" exactly.↗ · The teacher wrote "cf. last week's poem" on the board.↗ · In the Bahir, the Thirty-Two Ways are associated with the gematria value of לֵב lev ‘heart’ ([Bahir 63], [Bahir 95] inter alia cf.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · On one level, it refers to the individual person or creature, i.e., ‘that which has breath’, similar to the term נְשָׁמָה neshamah (cf.↗ [Psalm 150:6]), and might be translated ‘person, individual, being’.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of [Genesis 1:2] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗

chad — Everyday, meaning 1: Chad is a large country in north-central Africa; its capital is N'Djamena and much of the north is Sahara desert.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Chad is a man's name (a name).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A chad is the tiny bit of paper punched out when you make a hole in a card or ballot paper.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (slang, internet) A «Chad» is a joke name for a confident, sporty, popular young man.↗ Example: Chad is a country in Africa with no coastline.↗ · Lake Chad has become much smaller.↗ · My cousin Chad plays rugby.↗ · The hole punch left little chads all over the desk.↗ · Online, some people call a show-off «a Chad».↗ · We found Chad on the map, south of Libya.↗

chafed — Everyday, meaning 1: To chafe is to rub the skin until it becomes sore or raw.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To be chafed is to be annoyed or irritated by something.↗ Example: The crown chafed her forehead.↗ · The skin on the dog's neck was chafed and sore.↗ · His collar chafed all day.↗

chaff — Everyday, meaning 1: The dry husks (outer cases) of grain such as wheat, separated from the seeds when farmers thresh it.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Cut hay or straw used as animal food.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Something useless or worthless: «separate the wheat from the chaff» means keep the good and throw out the bad.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (old-fashioned) Friendly teasing; to chaff someone means to tease them in fun.↗ Example: The farmer threw the grain into the air and the wind blew the chaff away.↗ · Horses eat chaff mixed with oats.↗ · We must sort the wheat from the chaff in these ideas.↗ · The psalm says the wicked are like chaff that the wind blows away.↗ · The older boys chaffed him about his new hat.↗ · Chaff from the threshing machine covered the barn floor.↗ · Consequently, not knowing what had happened, he and the vizier's son walked away, the vizier's son chaffing him because he had missed the bird.↗ · Not so the wicked; but they are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.↗ (Writings PSA.1.4, JPS 1917)↗ · Let them be as chaff before the wind, the angel of the LORD thrusting them.↗ (Writings PSA.35.5, JPS 1917)↗ · That they are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm stealeth away?↗ (Writings JOB.21.18, JPS 1917)↗

chaffinch — Everyday, meaning 1: A chaffinch is a small songbird with a bright, colourful breast, common in Britain and Europe.↗ Example: Blackbird, thrush, and chaffinch gay, haste away!↗ · Catch the Chaffinch-on-the-Wing.↗ · A chaffinch sang in the hedge.↗

chagrin — Everyday, meaning 1: Chagrin is a feeling of being annoyed and disappointed because something has not gone the way you wanted.↗ Example: To his great chagrin, he could find no fault with her.↗ · She hid her chagrin when she lost the race.↗

chain — Everyday, meaning 1: A chain is a row of metal rings, called links, joined together.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A chain is a row of things joined or following one another, like a chain of islands or a food chain.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A chain is a group of shops or hotels with the same name.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: To chain is to tie up with a chain.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: A chain gang is a group of prisoners who are chained together while they work.↗ Example: A paper chain has 40 links.↗ · She adds 5 links each day.↗ · Each link is 2 cm long.↗ · How long is a chain of 10 links?↗ · Grass, rabbit, fox: that is a food chain.↗ · He chained his bike to the fence.↗ · She wears a gold chain around her neck.↗ · The shop is part of a big chain.↗ · Hold hands to make a human chain.↗ · One fall started a chain reaction of dominoes.↗ · "He isn't chained up yet," said Johnnie.↗ · And they made upon the breastplate plaited chains, of wreathen work of pure gold.↗ (Torah EXO.39.15, JPS 1917)↗ · And thou shalt make upon the breastplate plaited chains of wreathen work of pure gold.↗ (Torah EXO.28.22, JPS 1917)↗ · And they put the two wreathen chains of gold on the two rings at the ends of the breastplate.↗ (Torah EXO.39.17, JPS 1917)↗ · To bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron; (Writings PSA.149.8, JPS 1917)↗ · Canst thou bind the chains of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?↗ (Writings JOB.38.31, JPS 1917)↗ · Therefore pride is as a chain about their neck; violence covereth them as a garment.↗ (Writings PSA.73.6, JPS 1917)↗

chainsaw — Everyday, meaning 1: A chainsaw is a powerful handheld saw with a motor that drives a loop of sharp teeth (a chain) round a metal bar, used to cut down trees and cut logs.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To chainsaw something is to cut it with a chainsaw.↗ Example: The tree surgeon cut the fallen branch with a chainsaw.↗ · We could hear a chainsaw buzzing in the woods.↗ · Chainsaws are very dangerous, so stay far away.↗ · He wore ear defenders because chainsaws are so loud.↗ · The artist used a chainsaw to carve a bear from a log.↗ · After the storm, neighbours chainsawed the fallen tree.↗ · Dad sharpens the chainsaw's chain before cutting firewood.↗

chair — Everyday, meaning 1: A chair is a seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The chair (chairperson) is the person who runs a meeting.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To chair a meeting is to lead it.↗ Example: There are 6 rows of 8 chairs.↗ · Each table has 4 chairs.↗ · 30 people and 25 chairs: how many must stand?↗ · A chair costs 20 dollars.↗ · Push your chair in when you leave.↗ · We played musical chairs at the party.↗ · Grandpa sat in his armchair.↗ · She uses a wheelchair to get around.↗ · The baby ate in her high chair.↗ · Don't lean back on your chair.↗ · ‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’↗ · Lecture before the Hermetic Society of London in the summer of 1886, Dr. Anna Kingsford, President, in the chair.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗ · The substance of this little volume was read as a [p. 13] Lecture before the Hermetic Society of London in the summer of 1886, Dr. Anna Kingsford, President, in the chair.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗

chairman — Everyday, meaning 1: A person who leads a meeting or a committee and keeps order, deciding who speaks.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The person in charge of the board of a company, club or organisation.↗ Example: The chairman asked everyone to sit down.↗ · Our class chose Priya as chair of the school council.↗ · The chairman of the football club gave a speech.↗ · «Order, please!» said the chairman.↗ · The chairwoman thanked everyone for coming.↗ · The chairman counted the votes for each idea.↗

chairmanship — Everyday, meaning 1: The job of being the chair (chairman or chairwoman) of a meeting, committee or company.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The time during which someone has that job.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: The skill of running a meeting well.↗ Example: Under her chairmanship, the club raised a lot of money.↗ · He was offered the chairmanship of the football club.↗ · The chairmanship of the school council changes each term.↗ · Good chairmanship means letting everyone speak.↗ · During his chairmanship, the company grew quickly.↗ · She stepped down from the chairmanship after ten years.↗

chaise — Everyday, meaning 1: In old times, a light carriage with two or four wheels, pulled by one horse, often with a folding hood.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (in «chaise longue») a long chair or sofa with a back at one end where you can put your legs up.↗ Example: The doctor arrived in a small chaise pulled by a grey pony.↗ · In the old story the lady rode to town in her chaise.↗ · The chaise rattled along the country lane.↗ · Grandma has a velvet chaise longue in her sitting room.↗ · A chaise was cheaper than a big coach.↗ · The horse stopped and the chaise tipped forward.↗ · In history we drew a picture of a chaise.↗ · He lay back on the chaise longue with a book.↗ · It was his opinion that he had really made as great a journey as if he had travelled in a steamship, a railway carriage, or a post-chaise.↗

chaldean — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: A person from Chaldea, the land in southern Babylonia, or a member of the people who ruled Babylon.↗ Example: In that night Belshazzar the Chaldean king was slain.↗ (Writings DAN.5.30, JPS 1917)↗ · But because that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven, He gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.↗ (Writings EZR.5.12, JPS 1917)↗

chaldee — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: The ancient language of Chaldea, or Babylonia, also called Aramaic; a person from Chaldea.↗ Example: The planet names here given are Chaldee words.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗ · ShMA is in Chaldee a name for the Trinity (Parkhurst).↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗

chalk — Everyday, meaning 1: Chalk is a soft white rock made from tiny shells of sea creatures.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Chalk is a stick made of this or similar stuff, used for writing on a blackboard or drawing on the ground.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To chalk something is to write or draw it with chalk.↗ Example: The teacher wrote on the board with chalk.↗ · We drew a hopscotch grid with chalk.↗ · Can I have a piece of chalk?↗ · The White Cliffs of Dover are made of chalk.↗ · Chalk is a soft rock.↗ · The twins are like chalk and cheese.↗ · Our team chalked up another win.↗ · He sat down to work out his sum with a piece of chalk on a smooth stone.↗

chalkstone — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: A piece of soft white limestone, chalk, that crumbles easily.↗

chalky — Everyday, meaning 1: Containing chalk or made of chalk, as in «chalky soil» or «chalky cliffs».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: White and pale like chalk, as in «a chalky face».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Dry and powdery, as in «chalky tablets».↗ Example: The White Cliffs of Dover are chalky.↗ · After drawing on the pavement, my hands were chalky.↗ · His face went chalky white when he saw the spider.↗ · Some plants grow well in chalky soil.↗ · The medicine tasted dry and chalky.↗ · Chalky water leaves white marks on the kettle.↗

challenge — Everyday, meaning 1: A challenge is a hard task or contest that tests how good or strong you are.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To challenge someone is to invite them to a contest: «I challenge you to a race».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To challenge something is to question whether it is right or true.↗ Example: The reading challenge is 100 books.↗ · She did 20 push-ups in the challenge.↗ · How many more to finish the challenge?↗ · Challenge: find the missing number.↗ · Learning to swim was a big challenge for him.↗ · I challenge you to a race to the tree!↗ · She rose to the challenge and won.↗ · It's OK to challenge an idea if you have a reason.↗ · The puzzle was very challenging.↗ · Online «challenges» that are dangerous should never be tried.↗ · The giantess was delighted, and challenged him to wrestle with her.↗

challenger — Everyday, meaning 1: A person or team that tries to beat the champion or winner in a competition.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A person who questions whether something is right or true.↗ Example: The young challenger beat the champion in the final.↗ · A new challenger has entered the chess club.↗ · The challenger trained hard for the boxing match.↗ · She was a strong challenger for the title.↗ · In the election, the challenger won more votes.↗ · Every challenger must pass three tests.↗ · The challenger questioned the referee's decision.↗

challenging — Everyday, meaning 1: hard, needing effort or skill (a challenging puzzle).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (euphemism, jargon) bad, very difficult, troublesome: a «challenging child» = badly behaved; a «challenging year» = an awful one.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: questioning or confronting (a challenging look).↗ Example: This is a challenging maths problem; take your time.↗ · The company had a challenging year (it lost a lot of money).↗ · The class has some challenging behaviour (some pupils misbehave).↗ · Climbing the mountain was challenging but fun.↗ · He gave the teacher a challenging stare.↗ · The news report called the weather «challenging»: a storm closed the roads.↗ · Report: «Sam can find group work challenging.»↗

chamber — Everyday, meaning 1: A room, especially a large one used for a special purpose (council chamber).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (old) A bedroom or private room.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A closed space inside the body, a machine or a plant (the heart has four chambers).↗ Everyday, meaning 4: A group of lawmakers, such as one house of a parliament.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: Chambers (UK): a judge's or lawyers' offices.↗ Example: The heart has four chambers.↗ · Explorers found a hidden chamber in the pyramid.↗ · The queen rested in her chamber.↗ · The council meets in the town chamber.↗ · Chamber music is played by a small group.↗ · The cave opened into a huge chamber.↗ · And he followed Luned to the chamber of her mistress.↗ · Without shall the sword bereave, and in the chambers terror; slaying both young man and virgin, the suckling with the man of gray hairs.↗ (Torah DEU.32.25, JPS 1917)↗ · And Joseph made haste; for his heart yearned toward his brother; and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.↗ (Torah GEN.43.30, JPS 1917)↗ · And he went after the man of Israel into the chamber, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly.↗ (Torah NUM.25.8, JPS 1917)↗ · And he overlaid the upper chambers with gold.↗ (Writings 2CH.3.9, JPS 1917)↗ · Now she had liers-in-wait abiding in the inner chamber.↗ (Prophets JDG.16.9, JPS 1917)↗ · Their land swarmed with frogs, in the chambers of their kings.↗ (Writings PSA.105.30, JPS 1917)↗