📖 C — The English dictionary · page 34

city — Everyday, meaning 1: A city is a very large town where many people live and work.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The city can mean the people who live there.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In some countries a city is a town that has been given that special title, often because it has a cathedral.↗ Example: The city has 45,000 people.↗ · The two cities are 120 miles apart.↗ · A train goes from one city to another.↗ · How far is it to the city?↗ · London is the capital city of the United Kingdom.↗ · We visited a museum in the city centre.↗ · Many people in the city take the bus or the subway to work.↗ · At night the city lights shine for miles.↗ · Sydney is the biggest city in Australia.↗ · “Where is this city?” asked Dorothy.↗ · And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.↗ (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)↗ · and Beth-nimrah, and Beth-haran; fortified cities, and folds for sheep.↗ (Torah NUM.32.36, JPS 1917)↗ · And they brought him forth, and set him without the city.↗ (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)↗ · And they built the city, and dwelt therein.↗ (Prophets JDG.18.28, JPS 1917)↗ · Who will bring me into the fortified city?↗ (Writings PSA.60.11, JPS 1917)↗ · How is the faithful city become a harlot!↗ (Prophets ISA.1.21, JPS 1917)↗

civic — Everyday, meaning 1: To do with a town or city and its official life, like a civic centre or civic building.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To do with being a citizen and the duties of people in a community, like voting or helping.↗ Example: Voting is a civic duty.↗ · The concert is in the civic centre.↗ · The town showed great civic pride after the cleanup.↗ · Picking up litter is a small civic act.↗ · The mayor and other civic leaders opened the park.↗ · In civics class we learned how laws are made.↗ · The museum is a civic building, owned by the town.↗

civil — Everyday, meaning 1: Polite in a formal way, but not especially friendly: he gave a civil reply.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To do with ordinary people (citizens), not the army or the church: civil life, civil wedding.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Inside one country, between its own people: a civil war.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Civil rights: the rights every citizen should have, such as being treated equally.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: (law) To do with private disagreements between people, not crimes: a civil case.↗ Example: Even when they argue, they try to stay civil.↗ · The American Civil War was fought between the northern and southern states.↗ · Martin Luther King worked for civil rights.↗ · A civil engineer designs bridges and roads.↗ · They had a civil wedding at the town hall.↗ · Mum works as a civil servant for the government.↗ · "You are a good and civil boy," said the mayor.↗

civilian — Everyday, meaning 1: A person who is not in the army, navy, air force or police.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (adjective) To do with ordinary people rather than soldiers: civilian clothes, civilian life.↗ Example: Many civilians were evacuated from the cities during the war.↗ · The soldier changed into civilian clothes.↗ · After the army, Grandad went back to civilian life.↗ · Rules of war say civilians must be protected.↗ · The police officer was off duty and dressed as a civilian.↗ · Civilian planes carry passengers, not weapons.↗

civilisation — Everyday, meaning 1: A civilisation is a large, organised society with cities, government, writing, laws and culture, such as ancient Egypt or the Maya.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Civilisation is the way of life of an advanced society, as in the history of civilisation.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (informal) Civilisation can mean towns with comforts, as in back to civilisation after camping.↗ Example: Ancient Egypt was a great civilisation on the Nile.↗ · The Maya civilisation built huge pyramids.↗ · Many early civilisations grew up near rivers.↗ · Writing helped civilisations keep records.↗ · After a week of camping we were glad to be back in civilisation.↗ · The Indus Valley civilisation had drains and toilets.↗

civilised — Everyday, meaning 1: Living in an organised society with laws, good manners, towns and government, not wild or rough.↗ Example: Many countries are civilised and have schools.↗ · As people grew more civilised, they had kings and queens.↗ · Good manners are part of being civilised.↗

civility — Everyday, meaning 1: Polite behaviour and good manners towards others.↗ Example: She treated us with great civility.↗ · Please show some common civility to your guests.↗ · He answered with civility, even though he was cross.↗

civilization — Everyday, meaning 1: A large, organised society with cities, government, laws, writing, art and trade: «the ancient Egyptian civilization».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Human society in general, especially its achievements: «the history of civilization».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (informal, humorous) Comfortable modern life with shops, toilets and internet: «After camping we were glad to be back in civilization.».↗ Example: The ancient Egyptian civilization built the pyramids.↗ · Writing is one sign of a civilization.↗ · The Maya civilization had its own calendar.↗ · After a week of camping we were happy to be back in civilization.↗ · The Indus Valley civilization had drains and toilets.↗ · Rivers helped early civilizations grow food.↗ · All the means used by centuries of civilization in subduing wild beasts failed in this case.↗

civilized — Everyday, meaning 1: Living in an organised society with laws, good manners, towns and government, not wild or rough.↗ Example: Is it a civilized country?↗ · In civilized countries there are no witches left.↗ · The Land of Oz has never been civilized.↗

civilly — Everyday, meaning 1: In a polite, respectful way; to speak civilly is to be well-mannered, even when cross or when in charge.↗ Example: «Speak to me more civilly,» he said.↗ · The Ogre received him civilly and made him sit down.↗ · Please answer me civilly, not rudely.↗

cl — Everyday, meaning 1: Cl is a short way to write centilitre, a small unit for measuring liquid.↗ A litre is 100 centilitres.↗ A centilitre is 10 millilitres.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Cl (with a capital C and small l) is the chemical symbol for chlorine.↗ Example: A glass holds 25 cl of juice.↗ · The bottle has 75 cl.↗ · How many 20 cl cups fill a 1 litre jug?↗ · 100 cl = 1 litre.↗ · A can of lemonade holds 33 cl.↗ · The recipe needs 20 cl of milk.↗ · 50 cl is half a litre.↗ · Write 3 litres in cl.↗

clack — Everyday, meaning 1: To make a short, sharp sound like two hard things hitting each other.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The sound itself (the clack of heels, the clack of a keyboard).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (informal) To chatter loudly and on and on.↗ Example: Her shoes clacked on the stone floor.↗ · We heard the clack of knitting needles.↗ · The old typewriter clacked as Grandad typed.↗ · The train clacked over the rails.↗ · The stork clacked its long beak.↗ · The castanets clacked in time to the music.↗ · Keyboards were clacking all over the computer room.↗ · ‘Click, clock, clack, Our golden maid’s come back.’↗

clad — Everyday, meaning 1: (formal or literary) Wearing a certain kind of clothes («clad in armour», «a black-clad figure»).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Covered with a layer of some material («stone-clad», «ivy-clad»).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (building, verb) To cover a building's walls with a layer of material; the layer is called «cladding».↗ Example: The knight was clad in shining armour.↗ · A figure clad in black stood at the gate.↗ · The hills were clad in snow.↗ · The house was clad in red brick.↗ · Ivy-clad walls surrounded the old garden.↗ · Workers are replacing unsafe cladding on the tower.↗ · The children came clad in wellies and raincoats.↗ · He was a plump young fellow, clad in summer garments and wearing a straw hat.↗ · And Saul clad David with his apparel, and he put a helmet of brass upon his head, and he clad him with a coat of mail.↗ (Prophets 1SA.17.38, JPS 1917)↗ · And he had a helmet of brass upon his head, and he was clad with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.↗ (Prophets 1SA.17.5, JPS 1917)↗ · And He put on righteousness as a coat of mail, and a helmet of salvation upon His head, and He put on garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak.↗ (Prophets ISA.59.17, JPS 1917)↗

claim — Everyday, meaning 1: To say that something is true, even though others may not believe it or it is not proven.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To ask for or take something because you say it belongs to you or you have a right to it (claim your prize, claim your luggage).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A statement that something is true.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: A request for money or something you are owed (an insurance claim).↗ Everyday, meaning 5: To take a life or cause something to be lost (The fire claimed three houses — formal).↗ Example: He claims he saw a ghost in the attic.↗ · The advert claims this drink makes you run faster — is there any evidence?↗ · You can claim your lost jumper from the office.↗ · Our science claim was that plants need light to grow.↗ · She claimed the last cookie before anyone else could.↗ · We waited at baggage claim for our suitcases.↗ · His claim to fame is that he met the Prime Minister.↗ · Check claims on the internet before you share them.↗ · 15) As the Arabic numeral system of notation apparently originated from the Selirot philosophy of the Sefer Yetzirah, it is proper to share the view of those who claim the Hebrews as its inventors (E. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · Thus far. it has been impossible to determine tiic ago and authorship of tlic Sefer Yetzirah. .↗ Tcwish tradition claims divine origin for it: it was intrusted by tlie Lord to Adam and after- wards to Abraham***).↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own; let a cloud dwell upon it; let all that maketh black the day terrify it.↗ (Writings JOB.3.5, JPS 1917)↗

claimant — Everyday, meaning 1: (law, money) A claimant is a person who says they have a right to something, such as money, land or a benefit, and asks for it officially.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (UK) A person who receives or asks for government benefit money.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (old use) A person who says they should be king or queen: a claimant to the throne.↗ Example: Each claimant must fill in a long form.↗ · The insurance company paid the claimant for the flood damage.↗ · The claimant asked the court for money.↗ · In history, there were two claimants to the throne.↗ · Benefit claimants get help from the government.↗ · The lost dog had three claimants, but only one had a photo!↗ · The claimant said the land had been his grandmother's.↗ · "The claimant," said she, "has stated the facts about our agreement correctly.↗

clairvoyant — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: able to see things hidden from ordinary sight, as if by a special power.↗ Example: Kalisch in the supplementary paragraphs gives a different attribution ; both are wrong, as an adept cultured clairvoyant could prove.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗

clam — Everyday, meaning 1: A clam is a sea or river animal with a soft body inside two hard shells joined by a hinge; it lives buried in sand or mud.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Clams are also eaten as seafood.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To clam up means to suddenly stop talking, often because you are nervous or do not want to tell.↗ Example: We found an empty clam shell on the beach.↗ · Clams dig into the sand when the tide goes out.↗ · The giant clam lives on coral reefs.↗ · Dad ordered clam chowder at the restaurant.↗ · When the teacher asked who broke it, Sam clammed up.↗ · She shut her mouth like a clam and said nothing.↗

clamber — Everyday, meaning 1: To climb up or over something using hands and feet, often with effort or clumsily: clamber up a wall, over rocks.↗ Example: The cat clambered up the tree.↗ · We clambered over the rocks to the beach.↗ · She clambered slowly off the stool.↗

clammy — Everyday, meaning 1: Unpleasantly damp, cold and sticky to touch, especially skin.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (weather) Damp and heavy, warm and sticky (clammy air).↗ Example: My hands were clammy before the spelling test.↗ · The cave walls felt cold and clammy.↗ · It was a clammy, muggy day in August.↗ · His forehead was pale and clammy, so the teacher called the nurse.↗ · The frog felt clammy in my hands.↗ · Wet socks are horribly clammy.↗ · I felt it; it felt clammy.↗

clamour — Everyday, meaning 1: A clamour is a loud noise made by many voices shouting together.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To clamour is to shout or demand something loudly: clamour for food.↗ Example: The clamour of the crowd woke the whole town.↗ · The children clamoured for ice cream.↗ · The prince ignored the clamour of the hounds.↗

clamp — Everyday, meaning 1: (noun) A tool that holds two things tightly together or holds something firmly in place, often by turning a screw.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (verb) To hold something tightly with a clamp, or to grip firmly.↗ e.g. "He clamped his hand over his mouth."↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (verb, UK) To fix a metal lock (a wheel clamp) on a car's wheel so it cannot be driven, as a punishment for bad parking.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (clamp down) To act strongly to stop something.↗ e.g. "The school is clamping down on phones."↗ Everyday, meaning 5: To clamp can also mean to pile turf into a stack to dry or store it.↗ Example: Use a clamp to hold the wood while the glue dries.↗ · The test tube was held in a clamp on the stand.↗ · She clamped her hands over her ears at the loud noise.↗ · The car was clamped for parking in the wrong place.↗ · The school is clamping down on bad language.↗ · The crab clamped its claw onto my finger!↗ · Next day Jack was to go clamp turf on the bog.↗