📖 defendWho acts: soldiers, porcupine, She, team, He, goalkeeper · What happens: defend, be, support, stop, score, save · To what, where: someone, attack, support, sport, other team, castle · Speech: someone speaks here
«defend» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defend in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 To defend someone or something is to protect it from attack or harm.
mark advcl obj cc conj cop mark obj case obl cc conj punct root To PART defend VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX to PART protect VERB it PRON from ADP attack NOUN or CCONJ harm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 defend mark 2 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 protect advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 defend obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 something cc 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 someone conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 protect cop 7 to to PART _ 8 protect mark 8 protect protect VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 protect obj 10 from from ADP _ 11 attack case 11 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 8 protect obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 harm cc 13 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 11 attack conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive someone something vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary 2 is present attack or harm it obj ; protect property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 To defend is to speak up in support of someone or an idea.
mark csubj cop mark compound:prt case obl case nmod cc det conj punct root To PART defend VERB is AUX to PART speak VERB up ADP in ADP support NOUN of ADP someone PRON or CCONJ an DET idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 defend mark 2 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 speak csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 speak cop 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 speak compound:prt 7 in in ADP _ 8 support case 8 support support NOUN Number=Sing 5 speak obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 support nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 idea cc 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 idea det 13 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 support conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 be speech: other present support of someone or a idea speak property tree rules 3 support someone nom support «act transitive»: of=patient
Everyday, meaning 3 In sport to defend is to try to stop the other team scoring.
case obl mark acl cop mark mark xcomp det amod obj xcomp punct root In ADP sport NOUN to PART defend VERB is AUX to PART try VERB to PART stop VERB the DET other ADJ team NOUN scoring VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sport case 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 7 try obl 3 to to PART _ 4 defend mark 4 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sport acl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 try cop 6 to to PART _ 7 try mark 7 try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 try xcomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 team det 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 12 team amod 12 team team NOUN Number=Sing 9 stop obj 13 scoring score VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 stop xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 is present sport try property tree rules 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive the other team tree rules 4 score gerund vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The soldiers defended the castle.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET soldiers NOUN defended VERB the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldiers det 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 defended nsubj 3 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 castle det 5 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 defended obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past the soldiers the castle vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Beneficiary
Example 2 A porcupine defends itself with sharp quills.
det nsubj obj case amod obl punct root A DET porcupine NOUN defends VERB itself PRON with ADP sharp ADJ quills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 porcupine det 2 porcupine porcupine NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends nsubj 3 defends defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 defends obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 quills case 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 quills amod 7 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 3 defends obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 defends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present a porcupine porcupine with sharp quills vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary
Example 3 She defended her friend from the bullies.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root She PRON defended VERB her PRON friend NOUN from ADP the DET bullies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 defended nsubj 2 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 friend nmod:poss 4 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 bullies case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bullies det 7 bullies bully NOUN Number=Plur 2 defended obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past She her friend from the bullies vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary from bully=Theme
Example 4 Our team defended well in the second half.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root Our PRON team NOUN defended VERB well ADV in ADP the DET second ADJ half NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 defended nsubj 3 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 defended advmod 5 in in ADP _ 8 half case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 half det 7 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 half amod 8 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 3 defended obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past Our team the second half well property vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He defended his idea in the class debate.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det compound obl punct root He PRON defended VERB his PRON idea NOUN in ADP the DET class NOUN debate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 defended nsubj 2 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 idea nmod:poss 4 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 debate case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 debate det 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 8 debate compound 8 debate debate NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past He his idea the class debate vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Beneficiary
Example 6 The goalkeeper defends the goal.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET goalkeeper NOUN defends VERB the DET goal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goalkeeper det 2 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends nsubj 3 defends defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 goal det 5 goal goal NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present the goalkeeper the goal vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Beneficiary
Example 7 Mother birds defend their nests.
compound nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Mother NOUN birds NOUN defend VERB their PRON nests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 2 birds compound 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 defend nsubj 3 defend defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 nests nmod:poss 5 nests nest NOUN Number=Plur 3 defend obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present Mother birds birds's nests vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Beneficiary
Example 8 Pinocchio, although alone, defended himself bravely.
nsubj punct mark advmod punct obj advmod punct root Pinocchio PROPN , PUNCT although SCONJ alone ADV , PUNCT defended VERB himself PRON bravely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 6 defended nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 6 defended punct 3 although although SCONJ _ 6 defended mark 4 alone alone ADV _ 6 defended advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 alone punct 6 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 defended obj 8 bravely bravely ADV _ 6 defended advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past Pinocchio Pinocchio alone, bravely property vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary
Example 9 For I will defend this city to save it, for Mine own sake, and for My servant David's sake.' (Prophets 2KI.19.34, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: For I will defend this city to save it, for Mine own sake, and for My servant David's sake.'
The tree, 20 words mark nsubj aux det obj mark advcl obj punct case nsubj amod obl punct cc case nmod:poss compound nmod:poss case obl punct punct root For SCONJ I PRON will AUX defend VERB this DET city NOUN to PART save VERB it PRON , PUNCT for ADP Mine PRON own ADJ sake NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ for ADP My PRON servant NOUN David PROPN 's PART sake NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for SCONJ _ 4 defend mark 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 defend nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 defend aux 4 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 city det 6 city city NOUN Number=Sing 4 defend obj 7 to to PART _ 8 save mark 8 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 defend advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 save obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 sake punct 11 for for ADP _ 14 sake case 12 Mine my PRON Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 sake nsubj 13 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sake amod 14 sake sake NOUN Number=Sing 8 save obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 22 sake punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 22 sake cc 17 for for ADP _ 19 servant case 18 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 servant nmod:poss 19 servant servant NOUN Number=Sing 22 sake compound 20 David David PROPN Number=Sing 22 sake nmod:poss 21 's 's PART _ 20 David case 22 sake sake NOUN Number=Sing 4 defend obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 22 sake punct 24 ' ' PUNCT _ 22 sake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend future I this city David's servant sake obl vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Beneficiary 2 save to-infinitive I not said here city for own sake Mine vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme for sake=Source
Sentence 2: (Prophets 2KI.19.34, JPS 1917)
punct flat punct nmod:unmarked conj punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN 2KI.19.34 NUM , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 2KI.19.34 2KI.19.34 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Prophets flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 1917 punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 6 1917 nmod:unmarked 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 2KI.19.34 conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 But he stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD wrought a great victory. (Prophets 2SA.23.12, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: But he stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD wrought a great victory.
The tree, 23 words cc nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct cc parataxis obj punct cc conj det obj punct cc det nsubj conj det amod obj punct root But CCONJ he PRON stood VERB in ADP the DET midst NOUN of ADP the DET plot NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ defended VERB it PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ slew VERB the DET Philistines PROPN ; PUNCT and CCONJ the DET LORD PROPN wrought VERB a DET great ADJ victory NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 3 stood cc 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stood nsubj 3 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 midst case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 midst det 6 midst midst NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 plot case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 plot det 9 plot plot NOUN Number=Sing 6 midst nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 defended punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 defended cc 12 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stood parataxis 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 defended obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 slew punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 slew cc 16 slew slay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 defended conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 Philistines det 18 Philistines Philistine PROPN Number=Plur 16 slew obj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 wrought punct 20 and and CCONJ _ 23 wrought cc 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 LORD det 22 LORD LORD PROPN Number=Sing 23 wrought nsubj 23 wrought wrought VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stood conj 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 victory det 25 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 26 victory amod 26 victory victory NOUN Number=Sing 23 wrought obj 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past he the midst of the plot vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in midst=Location 2 defend past plot vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary 3 slay past the Philistines vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent philistine=Patient 4 wrought past the LORD a great victory tree rules
Sentence 2: (Prophets 2SA.23.12, JPS 1917)
punct flat punct nmod:unmarked conj punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN 2SA.23.12 NUM , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 2SA.23.12 2SA.23.12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Prophets flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 1917 punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 6 1917 nmod:unmarked 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 2SA.23.12 conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 11 And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend this city. (Prophets ISA.38.6, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend this city.
The tree, 23 words cc nsubj aux obj cc det conj case case det nmod case det nmod case nmod punct cc nsubj aux conj det obj punct root And CCONJ I PRON will AUX deliver VERB thee PRON and CCONJ this DET city NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET hand NOUN of ADP the DET king NOUN of ADP Assyria PROPN ; PUNCT and CCONJ I PRON will AUX defend VERB this DET city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 4 deliver cc 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 deliver nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 deliver aux 4 deliver deliver VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 thee thou PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 4 deliver obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 city cc 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 city det 8 city city NOUN Number=Sing 5 thee conj 9 out out ADP _ 12 hand case 10 of of ADP _ 12 hand case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 hand det 12 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 8 city nmod 13 of of ADP _ 15 king case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 king det 15 king king NOUN Number=Sing 12 hand nmod 16 of of ADP _ 17 Assyria case 17 Assyria Assyria PROPN Number=Sing 15 king nmod 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 defend punct 19 and and CCONJ _ 22 defend cc 20 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 22 defend nsubj 21 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 defend aux 22 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 deliver conj 23 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 24 city det 24 city city NOUN Number=Sing 22 defend obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 deliver punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 deliver future I thee this city out the hand of the king of Assyria vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient 2 defend future I this city vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Beneficiary
Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.38.6, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN ISA.38.6 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 ISA.38.6 ISA.38.6 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 ISA.38.6 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ISA.38.6 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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