📖 doubtfulWho acts: you, it, something, Sam, I, ice · What happens: be, not be, happen, not happen, describe, not seem · To what, where: something, rain, doubtful smile, excuse, experiment, Belimah · Speech: someone speaks here
«doubtful» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: doubtful in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 If you are doubtful about something, you are not sure it is true or that it will happen.
The tree, 18 words mark nsubj cop advcl case obl punct nsubj cop advmod nsubj cop parataxis cc mark nsubj aux conj punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX doubtful ADJ about ADP something PRON , PUNCT you PRON are AUX not PART sure ADJ it PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ that SCONJ it PRON will AUX happen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 doubtful mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 doubtful nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 doubtful cop 4 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sure advcl 5 about about ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 doubtful obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 doubtful punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 sure nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sure cop 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 sure advmod 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos root root 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 true nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 true cop 14 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sure parataxis 15 or or CCONJ _ 19 happen cc 16 that that SCONJ _ 19 happen mark 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 happen nsubj 18 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 happen aux 19 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 true conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 11 sure punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a condition, not said to happen present you about something; doubtful property tree rules 2 not is present you sure property tree rules 3 is present it true property tree rules 4 happen future it vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 If something is doubtful, it probably will not happen or probably is not true.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj cop punct nsubj advmod aux advmod conj cc advmod cop advmod conj punct root If SCONJ something PRON is AUX doubtful ADJ , PUNCT it PRON probably ADV will AUX not PART happen VERB or CCONJ probably ADV is AUX not PART true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 doubtful mark 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 doubtful nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 doubtful cop 4 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 happen punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 happen nsubj 7 probably probably ADV _ 10 happen advmod 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 happen aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 happen advmod 10 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 doubtful conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 15 true cc 12 probably probably ADV _ 15 true advmod 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 true cop 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 true advmod 15 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 4 doubtful conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present something doubtful property tree rules 2 not happen future it probably property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not is present something not said here probably, true property tree rules
Everyday, meaning 3 Doubtful can describe something that seems not quite honest or good, like a doubtful excuse.
The tree, 15 words advcl aux obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod advmod xcomp cc conj punct case det amod conj punct root Doubtful ADJ can AUX describe VERB something PRON that PRON seems VERB not PART quite ADV honest ADJ or CCONJ good ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET doubtful ADJ excuse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 describe advcl 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 describe aux 3 describe describe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 describe obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 seems nsubj 6 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 seems advmod 8 quite quite ADV _ 9 honest advmod 9 honest honest ADJ Degree=Pos 6 seems xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 good cc 11 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 9 honest conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 excuse punct 13 like like ADP _ 16 excuse case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 excuse det 15 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 16 excuse amod 16 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 9 honest conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can something vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 not seem present honest property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Sam looked doubtful when I said the ice was safe.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Sam PROPN looked VERB doubtful ADJ when ADV I PRON said VERB the DET ice NOUN was AUX safe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 looked xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 said advmod 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 said nsubj 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ice det 8 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 10 safe nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 safe cop 10 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 said ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past Sam doubtful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 say speech: assert past I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is past the ice safe property tree rules
Example 2 It is doubtful that the match will go ahead in this rain.
nsubj cop mark det nsubj aux advcl advmod case det obl punct root It PRON is AUX doubtful ADJ that SCONJ the DET match NOUN will AUX go VERB ahead ADV in ADP this DET rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 doubtful nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 doubtful cop 3 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 go mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 8 go nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 go aux 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 doubtful advcl 9 ahead ahead ADV _ 8 go advmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 rain case 11 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 rain det 12 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 8 go obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It doubtful property tree rules 2 go future the match this rain ahead property vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in rain=Location
Example 3 I'm doubtful about this map; it looks very old.
nsubj cop case det obl punct nsubj parataxis advmod xcomp punct root I PRON 'm AUX doubtful ADJ about ADP this DET map NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON looks VERB very ADV old ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 doubtful nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 doubtful cop 3 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 about about ADP _ 6 map case 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 map det 6 map map NOUN Number=Sing 3 doubtful obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 looks punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 looks nsubj 9 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 doubtful parataxis 10 very very ADV _ 11 old advmod 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 looks xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I about this map; doubtful property tree rules 2 look present map old property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 The teacher gave a doubtful smile at my excuse.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN gave VERB a DET doubtful ADJ smile NOUN at ADP my PRON excuse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 smile det 5 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 smile amod 6 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 excuse case 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 excuse nmod:poss 9 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the teacher a doubtful smile my excuse vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent smile=Theme at excuse=Asset 2 excuse my nom excuse «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The result was doubtful, so we did the experiment again.
det nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj parataxis det obj advmod punct root The DET result NOUN was AUX doubtful ADJ , PUNCT so ADV we PRON did VERB the DET experiment NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 result det 2 result result NOUN Number=Sing 4 doubtful nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 doubtful cop 4 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 did punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 did advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 did nsubj 8 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 doubtful parataxis 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 experiment det 10 experiment experiment NOUN Number=Sing 8 did obj 11 again again ADV _ 8 did advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the result doubtful property tree rules 2 do past we the experiment again vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality
Example 6 Whether the ferry will run tomorrow is doubtful.
mark det nsubj aux compound obl:unmarked cop punct root Whether SCONJ the DET ferry NOUN will AUX run VERB tomorrow NOUN is AUX doubtful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Whether whether SCONJ _ 5 run mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ferry det 3 ferry ferry NOUN Number=Sing 5 run nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 run aux 5 run run VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 doubtful compound 6 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 5 run obl:unmarked 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 doubtful cop 8 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run future the ferry tomorrow vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present doubtful property tree rules
Example 7 Grandpa was doubtful the little tree would survive the winter.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj aux parataxis det obj punct root Grandpa PROPN was AUX doubtful ADJ the DET little ADJ tree NOUN would AUX survive VERB the DET winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 3 doubtful nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 doubtful cop 3 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tree det 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tree amod 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 8 survive nsubj 7 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 survive aux 8 survive survive VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 doubtful parataxis 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 winter det 10 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 8 survive obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Grandpa doubtful property tree rules 2 survive would the little tree winter vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 But he was doubtful whether the crocodile would consent to do what wanted.
cc nsubj cop mark det nsubj aux advcl mark xcomp nsubj ccomp punct root But CCONJ he PRON was AUX doubtful ADJ whether SCONJ the DET crocodile NOUN would AUX consent VERB to PART do VERB what PRON wanted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 4 doubtful cc 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 doubtful nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 doubtful cop 4 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 whether whether SCONJ _ 9 consent mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 crocodile det 7 crocodile crocodile NOUN Number=Sing 9 consent nsubj 8 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 consent aux 9 consent consent VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 doubtful advcl 10 to to PART _ 11 do mark 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 consent xcomp 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 wanted nsubj 13 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 do ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past he doubtful property tree rules 2 consent would the crocodile vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 do to-infinitive the crocodile not said here tree rules 4 want past what nsubj vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 9 The meaning of Belimah is more doubtful. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
Sentence 1: The meaning of Belimah is more doubtful.
det nsubj case nmod cop advmod punct root The DET meaning NOUN of ADP Belimah PROPN is AUX more ADV doubtful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 meaning det 2 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 7 doubtful nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 Belimah case 4 Belimah Belimah PROPN Number=Sing 2 meaning nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 doubtful cop 6 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 7 doubtful advmod 7 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the meaning of Belimah doubtful property tree rules 2 mean Belimah nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Westcott PROPN 1893 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Westcott punct 5 Westcott Westcott PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1893 1893 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Westcott flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 But it is very doubtful what Mohammed ben Musa meant by Indians. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: But it is very doubtful what Mohammed ben Musa meant by Indians.
cc nsubj cop advmod obj compound nsubj appos advcl case obl punct root But CCONJ it PRON is AUX very ADV doubtful ADJ what PRON Mohammed PROPN ben NOUN Musa PROPN meant VERB by ADP Indians PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 doubtful cc 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 doubtful nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 doubtful cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 doubtful advmod 5 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 meant obj 7 Mohammed Mohammed PROPN Number=Sing 8 ben compound 8 ben ben NOUN Number=Sing 10 meant nsubj 9 Musa Musa PROPN Number=Sing 8 ben appos 10 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 doubtful advcl 11 by by ADP _ 12 Indians case 12 Indians Indian PROPN Number=Plur 10 meant obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 doubtful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it doubtful property tree rules 2 mean past Mohammed ben by Indians; what obj vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 words punct punct det appos case nmod cc conj case fixed nmod flat punct list punct root ( PUNCT Mordell PROPN , PUNCT The DET Origin PROPN of ADP Letters NOUN and CCONJ Numerals NOUN according VERB to ADP Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN ( PUNCT 1914 NUM )) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct 2 Mordell Mordell PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Origin punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Origin det 5 Origin Origin PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 Letters case 7 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 Origin nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Numerals cc 9 Numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 Letters conj 10 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 Sefer case 11 to to ADP _ 10 according fixed 12 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell nmod 13 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 12 Sefer flat 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 1914 punct 15 1914 1914 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Mordell list 16 )) )) PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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