📖 D — The English dictionary · page 19

deprived — Everyday, meaning 1: Deprived means not having enough of the things people need for a good life, such as money, food, good homes or schools.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Deprived of something means kept from having it, for example "deprived of sleep".↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (formal) To be deprived of a right or thing means it was taken away from you.↗ Example: Many families in deprived areas get help from food banks.↗ · Plants deprived of light turn pale and weak.↗ · The tired driver was deprived of sleep.↗ · The charity builds schools in deprived villages.↗ · He felt deprived when his phone was taken away for a week.↗ · The prisoners were deprived of their freedom.↗ · Here is your own sword, which the guards deprived you of.↗ · The Monail, or unity, is that quantity which, being deprived of all nnnibcr, remains fixed : whence called Monad.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath He imparted to her understanding.↗ (Writings JOB.39.17, JPS 1917)↗ · I said: In the noontide of my days I shall go, even to the gates of the nether-world; I am deprived of the residue of my years.↗ (Prophets ISA.38.10, JPS 1917)↗

depth — Everyday, meaning 1: Depth is how deep something is, how far it goes down from the top.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Depth is also how far back something goes, like the depth of a shelf.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: The depths are the deepest parts, like the depths of the ocean.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: «In depth» means in a full, careful way.↗ Example: The depth of the pool is 3 meters.↗ · Find the depth of the water.↗ · The tank has a depth of 50 cm.↗ · The depth grows by 2 cm each hour.↗ · Never dive in without checking the depth.↗ · The deepest part of the ocean is about 11 kilometers down.↗ · We studied volcanoes in depth.↗ · The waters foamed in the depths below him.↗ · The deeps cover them — they went down into the depths like a stone.↗ (Torah EXO.15.5, JPS 1917)↗ · For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths, springing forth in valleys and hills; (Torah DEU.8.7, JPS 1917)↗ · For a fire is kindled in My nostril, and burneth unto the depths of the nether-world, and devoureth the earth with her produce, and setteth ablaze the foundations of the mountains.↗ (Torah DEU.32.22, JPS 1917)↗ · Out of the depths have I called Thee, O LORD.↗ (Writings PSA.130.1, JPS 1917)↗ · Behold, He spreadeth His light upon it; and He covereth the depths of the sea.↗ (Writings JOB.36.30, JPS 1917)↗ · By His knowledge the depths were broken up, and the skies drop down the dew.↗ (Writings PRO.3.20, JPS 1917)↗

deputation — Everyday, meaning 1: A deputation is a small group of people chosen to go and speak or ask for something on behalf of others.↗ Example: The villagers sent a deputation to the mayor.↗ · Let us choose a deputation of the bravest to go.↗ · The deputation waited outside the palace gate.↗

depute — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: To appoint someone to act for you or to do a task on your behalf.↗ Example: And Absalom said unto him: 'See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.'↗ (Prophets 2SA.15.3, JPS 1917)↗

deputy — Everyday, meaning 1: A deputy is a person who acts for another and takes their place when needed.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A deputy is the second in command, the one just below the leader.↗ Example: The queen's deputy brought the news.↗ · Our teacher's deputy took the class today.↗ · The captain was away, so the deputy was in charge.↗ · And there was no king in Edom: a deputy was king.↗ (Prophets 1KI.22.48, JPS 1917)↗ · Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governors thereof, and all the deputies thereof, and all the land of his dominion.↗ (Prophets JER.51.28, JPS 1917)↗ · And with thee will I shatter the shepherd and his flock, and with thee will I shatter the husbandman and his yoke of oxen, and with thee will I shatter governors and deputies.↗ (Prophets JER.51.23, JPS 1917)↗

derail — Everyday, meaning 1: When a train derails, its wheels come off the rails.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To derail a plan or a conversation is to stop it going the way it should.↗ Example: The train derailed after heavy snow blocked the line.↗ · Never put stones on the rails; they could derail a train.↗ · The storm derailed our plans for the picnic.↗ · Don't let one bad mark derail your hard work.↗ · The talk was derailed by silly jokes.↗ · Workers checked the track after the train was derailed.↗ · A fallen tree almost derailed the goods train.↗

derby — Everyday, meaning 1: A derby is a sports match between two local teams from the same city or area, which is often very exciting.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A derby is a famous horse race; the Derby in England is run at Epsom, and the Kentucky Derby is in the USA.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (USA) A derby is a hard, round, black hat with a narrow brim, called a bowler hat in the UK.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: A derby is any race or contest open to many people, such as a soapbox derby or roller derby.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: Derby (with a capital D) is a city in England.↗ Example: The Manchester derby is the biggest match of the year for our family.↗ · Thousands watched the horses run in the Derby.↗ · Grandpa wore a derby hat in the old photo.↗ · Our class built a car for the soapbox derby.↗ · My aunt plays roller derby on skates.↗ · The derby ended in a draw, two all.↗ · Derby is a city in the East Midlands of England.↗

deride — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: To laugh at something with scorn and mock it.↗ Example: And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it.↗ (Prophets HAB.1.10, JPS 1917)↗

derision — Everyday, meaning 1: Unkind laughter or comments that show you think someone or something is stupid or worthless; mocking.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: The state of being laughed at: «an object of derision».↗ Example: The crowd greeted the referee's decision with derision.↗ · His idea was met with derision, but later it made him famous.↗ · She ignored the derision of the older boys.↗ · The giant laughed in derision at the tiny knight.↗ · The poor singer became an object of derision.↗ · Derision can hurt more than a push.↗ · I am called Curlicue, and am an object of derision; I entreat you to make me less ridiculous.’↗ · And when Moses saw that the people were broken loose — for Aaron had let them loose for a derision among their enemies — (Torah EXO.32.25, JPS 1917)↗ · For was not Israel a derision unto thee?↗ (Prophets JER.48.27, JPS 1917)↗ · He that sitteth in heaven laugheth, the Lord hath them in derision.↗ (Writings PSA.2.4, JPS 1917)↗ · I am become a derision to all my people, and their song all the day.↗ (Writings LAM.3.14, JPS 1917)↗

derisive — Everyday, meaning 1: Showing that you think someone or something is stupid or worthless; mocking: «a derisive laugh».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (less common) Deserving to be laughed at; ridiculous (better said «derisory»).↗ Example: The bully gave a derisive laugh.↗ · "You?↗ Win a race?" she said with a derisive snort.↗ · The crowd made derisive noises at the other team.↗ · Derisive comments online can be a kind of bullying.↗ · The witch's derisive cackle echoed in the cave.↗ · He ignored their derisive looks and kept practising.↗

derisively — Everyday, meaning 1: In a way that mocks someone and shows you think they are silly, weak or wrong.↗ Example: He laughed derisively at the little boy.↗ · "You will never win," she said derisively.↗ · The crowd jeered derisively at the runner.↗

derivable — Everyday, meaning 1: (formal) Derivable means able to be worked out, obtained or traced from something else.↗ Example: The answer is derivable from the facts in the puzzle.↗ · «Happiness» is derivable from «happy».↗ · The area of a triangle is derivable from the area of a rectangle.↗ · The total is derivable if you know the price and the number.↗ · Every step of the proof must be derivable from the step before.↗ · Is this rule derivable from the others?↗

derivation — Everyday, meaning 1: The derivation of a word is where it comes from and how it was made, for example from Latin or from another English word.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (maths) A derivation is a step-by-step working that shows how a formula or answer is reached.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (formal) Derivation is getting something from a source, like getting a product from a plant.↗ Example: The derivation of «tele» is a Greek word meaning «far».↗ · «Unkind» is a derivation from «kind».↗ · The word «sandwich» has an interesting derivation.↗ · Show the derivation of the area formula.↗ · The teacher wrote the derivation on the board step by step.↗ · Many English words are of French derivation.↗ · The derivation of rubber from trees takes a lot of work.↗ · Many offspring or derivations came from the latter three, as their progenitors, as it is explained afterwards in the chapter.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗

derive — Everyday, meaning 1: (formal) To derive something from something is to get it from there: to derive pleasure from reading.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To be derived from or derive from means to come from something.↗ e.g. "The word derives from Latin."↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (maths, formal) To derive a rule or formula is to work it out step by step from what you already know.↗ Example: The word "telephone" derives from Greek words.↗ · Many English words are derived from French.↗ · She derives great joy from painting.↗ · Derive a rule for the number pattern.↗ · Plastic is derived from oil.↗ · We derived the formula for the area of a triangle from the rectangle.↗ · Paper is derived from wood.↗ · Energy can be derived from the wind.↗ · Some Slavonic philologists derive yaga from a root meaning to eat (in Russian yest').↗ · It derives from the root נפ״שׁ NPSh, having to do with breathing, refreshing, and resting; its etymological relationships with curiously similar roots like נשׁ״ם NShM ‘to breathe, pant’, נשׁ״ף NShP ‘to blow’, and נשׁ״ב NShB ‘to blow’ are unclear.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · elementary cliaracters, or letters, derive tlieir forms from the line and the circle.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

derived — Everyday, meaning 1: Coming from or made from something else (a word derived from Latin).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (maths) Worked out from other facts (a derived formula).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Past form of derive: to get something from a source (derive pleasure from reading).↗ Example: The word «octopus» is derived from Greek.↗ · Aspirin was first derived from willow bark.↗ · Speed is a derived unit: metres per second.↗ · The formula was derived from the area of a rectangle.↗ · She derived great joy from painting.↗ · Many English words are derived from French.↗ · The name Leshy or Lyeshy is derived from lyes, a forest.↗ · Water is silent, Fire is sibilant, and Air derived fron the Spirit is as the tongue of a balance standing between these contraries which are in equilibrium, reconciling and mediating between them.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗ · Water is silent, Fire is sibilant, and Air derived from the Spirit is as the tongue of a balance standing between these contraries which are in equilibrium, reconciling and mediating between them.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)↗ · Name; thus all forms and all speech are derived from the one Name.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

dermal — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) Dermal means to do with the skin.↗ Example: The dermal layer of skin has blood vessels and nerves.↗ · The cream is for dermal use only — don't swallow it.↗ · A nicotine patch is a dermal patch.↗ · Scientists studied dermal cells under the microscope.↗ · Some animals breathe partly through dermal surfaces.↗ · Sun can cause dermal damage.↗

dermatitis — Everyday, meaning 1: (medicine) Dermatitis is a condition where the skin becomes red, itchy, sore or swollen, often because something irritates it or the body reacts to it.↗ Example: The new soap gave me dermatitis on my hands.↗ · Dermatitis made her skin red and itchy.↗ · The doctor gave him cream for his dermatitis.↗ · Dermatitis is not catching, so you can still hold hands.↗ · Some people get dermatitis from nickel in jewellery.↗ · Eczema is a kind of dermatitis.↗

dermis — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) The thick inner layer of the skin, under the epidermis, which holds blood vessels, nerves, hair roots and sweat glands.↗ Example: The dermis lies under the epidermis.↗ · Nerves in the dermis let you feel the heat of a cup.↗ · Sweat glands in the dermis help cool your body.↗ · A deep cut goes through to the dermis and may bleed.↗ · Hair grows from roots in the dermis.↗ · We labelled the epidermis and dermis on a skin diagram.↗

derogatory — Everyday, meaning 1: Derogatory words or comments show a low opinion of someone and are meant to insult or put them down.↗ Example: The coach was told off for making derogatory remarks.↗ · That word is derogatory; please don't use it.↗ · The dictionary labels some slang as derogatory.↗ · Derogatory comments about someone's skin colour are racist.↗ · She felt hurt by his derogatory joke about her accent.↗ · Posting derogatory comments online is a form of bullying.↗

dervish — Everyday, meaning 1: A dervish is a holy man from certain Muslim groups, often in the Middle East or Asia, who lives simply and gives himself to prayer.↗ Example: The dervish walked slowly along the road.↗ · "Beware of the mountains," said the dervish.↗ · We met a dervish in the desert.↗

des — Everyday, meaning 1: (French) «Des» means «some» before a plural noun: «des pommes» is «some apples».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (French) «Des» also means «of the» or «from the» for plural things: «la maison des enfants» is «the children's house».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (a name) Des is a short form of the man's name Desmond.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: To an English ear French «des» sounds like «day».↗ Everyday, meaning 5: In old Southern speech, des means just or simply.↗ Example: In French, «j'ai des bonbons» means «I have some sweets».↗ · «Le jardin des plantes» means «the garden of the plants».↗ · «Des» sounds like «day» in French.↗ · My uncle Des runs the corner shop.↗ · In French, «un chat» is «a cat», and «des chats» is «some cats».↗ · Mum joked that the new house was a real «des res».↗ · Hit's des like I tell you.↗ · Author of the "Guide for Rational Inquiries into the Biblical Scriptures," "Toms des Morgenlandes," Translator of "Nathan the Wise" from the German, etc., etc., etc. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗ · Dr. Steinshneider (see Magazin fuer Literatur des Auslandes, 1845) and Dr. Cassel (in his commentary to the book entitled Kusari,) maintain that the ancient Jewish (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗