📖 hiWho acts: you, word, someone, I, Sam, teacher · What happens: be, say, meet, mean, give, shout · To what, where: friendly word, someone, hello, friendly greeting, them, attention · Speech: someone speaks here
«hi» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hi in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 Hi is a friendly word you say when you meet someone. It means hello.
Sentence 1: Hi is a friendly word you say when you meet someone.
discourse cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Hi INTJ is AUX a DET friendly ADJ word NOUN you PRON say VERB when SCONJ you PRON meet VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 word discourse 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 4 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 say nsubj 7 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word acl:relcl 8 when when SCONJ _ 10 meet mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 meet nsubj 10 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say advcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 meet obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a friendly word tree rules 2 say speech: assert present you a friendly word not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic 3 meet present you someone vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It means hello.
nsubj obj punct root It PRON means VERB hello NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present word hello vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hello=Topic
Everyday, meaning 2 «Say hi to» someone means give them a friendly greeting from you.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj obj fixed punct nsubj ccomp iobj det amod obj case nmod punct root « PUNCT Say VERB hi INTJ to PART » PUNCT someone PRON means VERB give VERB them PRON a DET friendly ADJ greeting NOUN from ADP you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Say punct 2 Say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means nsubj 3 hi hi INTJ _ 2 Say obj 4 to to PART _ 2 Say fixed 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Say punct 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means ccomp 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give iobj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 greeting det 11 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 greeting amod 12 greeting greeting NOUN Number=Sing 8 give obj 13 from from ADP _ 14 you case 14 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 greeting nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hi=Topic 2 mean present someone nsubj vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 give infinitive a friendly greeting them = they from you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient greeting=Theme
Everyday, meaning 3 Hi can also be shouted to get someone's attention, as when calling people to hurry.
The tree, 16 words discourse aux advmod aux:pass mark advcl nmod:poss case obj punct mark mark advcl obj mark xcomp punct root Hi INTJ can AUX also ADV be AUX shouted VERB to PART get VERB someone PRON 's PART attention NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ when SCONJ calling VERB people NOUN to PART hurry VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 shouted discourse 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 shouted aux 3 also also ADV _ 5 shouted advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 shouted aux:pass 5 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to PART _ 7 get mark 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 shouted advcl 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 attention nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 someone case 10 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 7 get obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 calling punct 12 as as SCONJ _ 14 calling mark 13 when when SCONJ _ 14 calling mark 14 calling call VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 shouted advcl 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 calling obj 16 to to PART _ 17 hurry mark 17 hurry hurry VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 calling xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express can · passive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V» 2 get to-infinitive someone's attention vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus 3 call gerund people tree rules 4 hurry to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 attend someone nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Hi, I have 5 apples.
discourse punct nsubj nummod obj punct root Hi INTJ , PUNCT I PRON have VERB 5 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 4 have discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 apples nummod 6 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I 5 apples vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 2 Sam says hi to his friends.
nsubj discourse case nmod:poss obl punct root Sam PROPN says VERB hi INTJ to ADP his PRON friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hi hi INTJ _ 2 says discourse 4 to to ADP _ 6 friends case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 friends nmod:poss 6 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 2 says obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Sam Sam's friends vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to friend=Recipient
Example 3 «Hi», said the teacher.
punct discourse punct punct det obj punct root « PUNCT Hi INTJ » PUNCT , PUNCT said VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 said punct 2 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 said discourse 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hi punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 said punct 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 teacher det 7 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 said obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Hi! How many sweets do you have?
Sentence 1: Hi!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: How many sweets do you have?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ sweets NOUN do AUX you PRON have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sweets amod 3 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 6 have nsubj 4 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support many sweets you nsubj vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Hi Grandma, how are you?
discourse vocative punct advmod cop punct root Hi INTJ Grandma PROPN , PUNCT how ADV are AUX you PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 2 Grandma discourse 2 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 6 you vocative 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 you punct 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 you advmod 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 you cop 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 you punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present you Grandma vocative tree rules
Example 6 Say hi to your mum for me.
obj case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root Say VERB hi NOUN to ADP your PRON mum NOUN for ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 hi hi NOUN _ 1 Say obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 mum case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 mum nmod:poss 5 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Say obl 6 for for ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 mum nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here hi your mum for me vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hi=Topic to mum=Recipient
Example 7 Hi there, can I help you?
discourse advmod punct aux nsubj obj punct root Hi INTJ there ADV , PUNCT can AUX I PRON help VERB you PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 6 help discourse 2 there there ADV PronType=Dem 1 Hi advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 help aux 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 help nsubj 6 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can I you there vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 8 She waved and called «Hi!» across the playground.
nsubj cc conj punct parataxis punct punct case det obl punct root She PRON waved VERB and CCONJ called VERB « PUNCT Hi INTJ ! PUNCT » PUNCT across ADP the DET playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 waved nsubj 2 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 called cc 4 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 waved conj 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 6 Hi hi INTJ _ 4 called parataxis 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 9 across across ADP _ 11 playground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 playground det 11 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 4 called obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past She vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 call speech: assert past She not said here the playground vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 9 Hi! comrades, make haste! make haste!’
discourse punct vocative punct obj punct xcomp obj punct punct root Hi INTJ ! PUNCT comrades NOUN , PUNCT make VERB haste NOUN ! PUNCT make VERB haste NOUN ! PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 make discourse 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 3 comrades comrade NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hi vocative 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 5 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 haste haste NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 make punct 8 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make xcomp 9 haste haste NOUN Number=Sing 8 make obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 make punct 11 ’ ' PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here haste tree rules 2 make infinitive haste not said here haste vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product
Example 10 Out of two let ers") two biliteral words are formed as : 2N, X3 Out of three letters six triliteral words are formed as: :i3K, 3:s, 3X3, Hi2, axJ, X2i. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: Out of two let ers") two biliteral words are formed as : 2N, X3 Out of three letters six triliteral words are formed as: :i3K, 3:s, 3X3, Hi2, axJ, X2i.
The tree, 30 words mark case obl advcl obj punct punct nummod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass obl punct nsubj punct conj case case nummod nmod nummod amod nmod aux:pass advcl case punct punct obl punct appos punct conj punct appos punct nmod:unmarked punct conj punct appos punct root Out ADP of ADP two NUM let VERB ers NOUN " PUNCT ) PUNCT two NUM biliteral ADJ words NOUN are AUX formed VERB as ADP : PUNCT 2N NOUN , PUNCT X3 NOUN Out ADP of ADP three NUM letters NOUN six NUM triliteral ADJ words NOUN are AUX formed VERB as ADP : PUNCT : PUNCT i3K NOUN , PUNCT 3 NUM : PUNCT s NOUN , PUNCT 3X3 NUM , PUNCT Hi2 PROPN , PUNCT axJ NOUN , PUNCT X2i PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Out out ADP _ 4 let mark 2 of of ADP _ 3 two case 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 let obl 4 let let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 formed advcl 5 ers er NOUN Number=Plur 4 let obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 let punct 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 let punct 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 words nummod 9 biliteral biliteral ADJ Degree=Pos 10 words amod 10 words word NOUN Number=Plur 12 formed nsubj:pass 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 formed aux:pass 12 formed form VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 13 as as ADP _ 12 formed obl 14 : : PUNCT _ 15 2N punct 15 2N 2n NOUN Number=Sing 26 formed nsubj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 X3 punct 17 X3 x3 NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord 15 2N conj 18 Out out ADP _ 21 letters case 19 of of ADP _ 21 letters case 20 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 21 letters nummod 21 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 17 X3 nmod 22 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 24 words nummod 23 triliteral triliteral ADJ Degree=Pos 24 words amod 24 words word NOUN Number=Plur 21 letters nmod 25 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 formed aux:pass 26 formed form VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 formed advcl 27 as as ADP _ 30 i3K case 28 : : PUNCT _ 30 i3K punct 29 : : PUNCT _ 30 i3K punct 30 i3K i3k NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord 26 formed obl 31 , , PUNCT _ 32 3 punct 32 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 30 i3K appos 33 : : PUNCT _ 34 s punct 34 s s NOUN Number=Sing 30 i3K conj 35 , , PUNCT _ 36 3X3 punct 36 3X3 3X3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 34 s appos 37 , , PUNCT _ 38 Hi2 punct 38 Hi2 Hi2 PROPN Number=Sing 36 3X3 nmod:unmarked 39 , , PUNCT _ 40 axJ punct 40 axJ axj NOUN Number=Sing 30 i3K conj 41 , , PUNCT _ 42 X2i punct 42 X2i X2i PROPN Number=Sing 40 axJ appos 43 . . PUNCT _ 12 formed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present ers of two vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent er=Theme 2 form in a quote present · passive two biliteral words vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 3 form in a quote present · passive 2N and X3 out three letters six triliteral words as i3K and s and axJ vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Result as i3k=Attribute
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 words punct punct det appos case nmod cc conj case fixed nmod flat punct list punct root ( PUNCT Mordell PROPN , PUNCT The DET Origin PROPN of ADP Letters NOUN and CCONJ Numerals NOUN according VERB to ADP Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN ( PUNCT 1914 NUM )) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct 2 Mordell Mordell PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Origin punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Origin det 5 Origin Origin PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 Letters case 7 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 Origin nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Numerals cc 9 Numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 Letters conj 10 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 Sefer case 11 to to ADP _ 10 according fixed 12 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell nmod 13 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 12 Sefer flat 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 1914 punct 15 1914 1914 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Mordell list 16 )) )) PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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