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improvement

Who acts: act, change, amount, 10 marks, handwriting, Your · What happens: get, make, become, improve, show, handwrite · To what, where: something, act, improvement, big improvement, 60, home improvements

«improvement» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: improvement in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

The act of getting better or making something better.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 act	det
2	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	4 getting	mark
4	getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 act	acl
5	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 getting	xcomp
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 making	cc
7	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 getting	conj
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 making	obj
9	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 something	amod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 act	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	gerund	the act not said here					good property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	make	gerund	the act not said here	something					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

A change or addition that makes something better (home improvements).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 makes	nsubj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 addition	cc
4	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	conj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 makes	nsubj
6	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 makes	obj
8	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 makes	xcomp
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 improvements	punct
10	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 improvements	compound
11	improvements	improvement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 better	appos
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 improvements	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	a change or addition	something				that nsubj; good property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product

Everyday, meaning 3

The amount by which something has become better (an improvement of 10 marks).

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 amount	det
2	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 become	nsubj
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 become	obl
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 become	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 become	aux
7	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 become	advmod
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 improvement	punct
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 improvement	det
11	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 become	xcomp
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 marks	case
13	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 marks	nummod
14	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 improvement	nmod
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 improvement	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 become	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present · perfect	the amount	a improvement of 10 marks				which obl; something nsubj; well property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	improve		10 marks						nom improvement «event intransitive»: of=agent

Example 1

Your handwriting shows a big improvement.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 handwriting	nmod:poss
2	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 improvement	det
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 improvement	amod
6	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Your handwriting	a big improvement					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent improvement=Recipient
2	handwrite		Your						nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 2

Her test score went from 60 to 75, an improvement of 15 marks.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 score	nmod:poss
2	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 score	compound
3	score	score	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 went	nsubj
4	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 60	case
6	60	60	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 went	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 75	case
8	75	75	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 60	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 improvement	punct
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 improvement	det
11	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 went	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 marks	case
13	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 marks	nummod
14	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 improvement	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	Her test score	a improvement of 15 marks		60 to 75			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from 60=Initial_Location
2	score		Her = she						nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
3	improve		15 marks						nom improvement «event intransitive»: of=agent

Example 3

There is still room for improvement.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	still	still	ADV	_	2 is	advmod
4	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 improvement	case
6	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 room	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 is	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	room for improvement			there	still		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

The new park is an improvement on the old one.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 park	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 park	amod
3	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 improvement	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 improvement	cop
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 improvement	det
6	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 one	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 one	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 one	amod
10	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 improvement	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 improvement	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the new park	a improvement				on the old one	tree rules

Example 5

Dad is doing some home improvements.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 doing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 doing	aux
3	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 improvements	det
5	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 improvements	compound
6	improvements	improvement	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 doing	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 doing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present · progressive	Dad	some home improvements					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent improvement=Eventuality

Example 6

The doctor saw an improvement in Grandpa's health.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 doctor	det
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saw	nsubj
3	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 improvement	det
5	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saw	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 health	case
7	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 health	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Grandpa	case
9	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 improvement	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	the doctor	a improvement		Grandpa's health			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer improvement=Stimulus

Example 7

You have many ships built by learned men, with all sorts of new and clever improvements.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ships	amod
4	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 ships	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 men	case
7	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 men	amod
8	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 built	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 sorts	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 sorts	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 sorts	det
12	sorts	sort	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 men	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	17 improvements	case
14	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 improvements	amod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 clever	cc
16	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 new	conj
17	improvements	improvement	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 sorts	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	You	many ships					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Patient
2	build	participle		many ships not said here				by learned men and new improvements	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	learn	participle							vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	sort			new improvements					nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Example 8

Israel Davidson for suggesting a few improvements. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Israel Davidson for suggesting a few improvements.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Israel	Israel	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Davidson	compound
2	Davidson	Davidson	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	for	for	SCONJ	_	4 suggesting	mark
4	suggesting	suggest	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 Davidson	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 improvements	det
6	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 improvements	amod
7	improvements	improvement	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 suggesting	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 Davidson	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suggest speech: suggest	gerund	Israel Davidson not said here	a few improvements					vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent improvement=Topic

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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