📖 lingerWho acts: you, smell, illness, We, smoke, cough · What happens: linger, be, need, not want, leave, feel · To what, where: smell, something, beach, corridor, breakfast, happy memory
«linger» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: linger in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 To linger is to stay somewhere longer than usual or than needed, because you do not want to leave.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj cop mark advmod advmod case advcl cc mark conj punct mark nsubj aux advmod conj mark xcomp punct root To PART linger VERB is AUX to PART stay VERB somewhere ADV longer ADV than ADP usual ADJ or CCONJ than SCONJ needed VERB , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON do AUX not PART want VERB to PART leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stay cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stay mark 5 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 7 longer advmod 7 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 9 usual advmod 8 than than ADP _ 9 usual case 9 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stay advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 needed cc 11 than than SCONJ _ 12 needed mark 12 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 usual conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 want punct 14 because because SCONJ _ 18 want mark 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 want nsubj 16 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 want aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 want advmod 18 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay conj 19 to to PART _ 20 leave mark 20 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 want xcomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present stay property tree rules 3 need participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 4 not want present · do-support you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 5 leave not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 To linger is when a smell, feeling or illness stays for a long time.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop advmod det punct acl cc nsubj conj case det amod obl punct root To PART linger VERB is AUX when ADV a DET smell NOUN , PUNCT feeling VERB or CCONJ illness NOUN stays VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 smell csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 smell cop 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 smell advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 smell det 6 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 feeling punct 8 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 smell acl 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 stays cc 10 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 11 stays nsubj 11 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 feeling conj 12 for for ADP _ 15 time case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 time det 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 time amod 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 stays obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 smell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a smell tree rules 3 feel gerund a smell not said here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 4 stay present illness time vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Everyday, meaning 3 To linger over something is to take your time with it.
mark advcl case obl cop mark nmod:poss obj case obl punct root To PART linger VERB over ADP something PRON is AUX to PART take VERB your PRON time NOUN with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 take advcl 3 over over ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 linger obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 take cop 6 to to PART _ 7 take mark 7 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 time nmod:poss 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 take obj 10 with with ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 take obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive something vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over something=Location 2 is present time with it; take property tree rules
Example 1 We lingered on the beach until sunset.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root We PRON lingered VERB on ADP the DET beach NOUN until ADP sunset NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 lingered nsubj 2 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 beach case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beach det 5 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 6 until until ADP _ 7 sunset case 7 sunset sunset NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past We the beach sunset vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on beach=Location
Example 2 The smell of smoke lingered for days.
det case nmod acl case obl punct root The DET smell NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN lingered VERB for ADP days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 smell det 2 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 smoke case 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 smell nmod 5 lingered linger VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 smell acl 6 for for ADP _ 7 days case 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 smell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger participle the smell of smoke not said here day vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 smell smoke nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 Don't linger in the corridor.
aux advmod case det obl punct root Do AUX n't PART linger VERB in ADP the DET corridor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 linger aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 linger advmod 3 linger linger VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 corridor case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 corridor det 6 corridor corridor NOUN Number=Sing 3 linger obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not linger imperative · do-support you not said here the corridor vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Location
Example 4 A cough can linger after a cold.
det nsubj aux case det obl punct root A DET cough NOUN can AUX linger VERB after ADP a DET cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cough det 2 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 4 linger nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 linger aux 4 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 cold case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cold det 7 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 4 linger obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger can a cough after a cold vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 He lingered over his breakfast.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON lingered VERB over ADP his PRON breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lingered nsubj 2 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 5 breakfast case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 breakfast nmod:poss 5 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past He his breakfast vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over breakfast=Location
Example 6 The happy memory lingered in her mind.
det amod acl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET happy ADJ memory NOUN lingered VERB in ADP her PRON mind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 memory det 2 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 memory amod 3 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 lingered linger VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 memory acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 mind case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mind nmod:poss 7 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 4 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 memory punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger participle the happy memory not said here her mind vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mind=Location 3 mind her = she nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Oh, sir, do not linger here, or he will eat you too.’
The tree, 12 words discourse punct vocative punct aux advmod advmod punct cc nsubj aux conj obj advmod punct punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT do AUX not PART linger VERB here ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ he PRON will AUX eat VERB you PRON too ADV . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 7 linger discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 1 Oh vocative 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 5 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 linger aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 linger advmod 7 linger linger VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 here here ADV PronType=Dem 7 linger advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 eat punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 eat cc 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 eat nsubj 12 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 eat aux 13 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 linger conj 14 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 eat obj 15 too too ADV _ 13 eat advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 linger punct 17 ’ ' PUNCT _ 7 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not linger imperative · do-support you not said here here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat future he you vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
Example 8 For except we had lingered, surely we had now returned a second time.' (Torah GEN.43.10, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: For except we had lingered, surely we had now returned a second time.'
The tree, 13 words mark mark nsubj:pass aux punct advmod nsubj aux advmod conj det amod obl:unmarked punct punct root For SCONJ except ADP we PRON had AUX lingered VERB , PUNCT surely ADV we PRON had AUX now ADV returned VERB a DET second ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for SCONJ _ 5 lingered mark 2 except except ADP _ 5 lingered mark 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 lingered nsubj:pass 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lingered aux 5 lingered linger VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 returned punct 7 surely surely ADV _ 11 returned advmod 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 returned nsubj 9 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 returned aux 10 now now ADV PronType=Dem 11 returned advmod 11 returned return VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 lingered conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 time det 13 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 14 time amod 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 returned obl:unmarked 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 lingered punct 16 ' ' PUNCT _ 5 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past · perfect · passive we tree rules 2 return past · perfect we now; time surely property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.43.10, JPS 1917)
punct compound punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Torah PROPN GEN.43.10 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 GEN.43.10 punct 2 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.43.10 compound 3 GEN.43.10 GEN.43.10 PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.43.10 conj 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 JPS flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 GEN.43.10 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him. (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him.
The tree, 32 words cc nsubj punct cc det nsubj aux ccomp case nmod:poss obl punct cc case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct cc case det obl case nmod:poss nummod nmod punct det nsubj cop conj case obl punct root But CCONJ he PRON lingered VERB ; PUNCT and CCONJ the DET men NOUN laid VERB hold VERB upon ADP his PRON hand NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ upon ADP the DET hand NOUN of ADP his PRON wife NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ upon ADP the DET hand NOUN of ADP his PRON two NUM daughters NOUN ; PUNCT the DET LORD PROPN being AUX merciful ADJ unto ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 3 lingered cc 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lingered nsubj 3 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 hold punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 9 hold cc 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 men det 7 men man NOUN Number=Plur 9 hold nsubj 8 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hold aux 9 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 lingered ccomp 10 upon upon ADP _ 12 hand case 11 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 hand nmod:poss 12 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 hold obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 hand punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 hand cc 15 upon upon ADP _ 17 hand case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 hand det 17 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 hold obl 18 of of ADP _ 20 wife case 19 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 wife nmod:poss 20 wife wife NOUN Number=Sing 17 hand nmod 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 hand punct 22 and and CCONJ _ 25 hand cc 23 upon upon ADP _ 25 hand case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 hand det 25 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 hold obl 26 of of ADP _ 29 daughters case 27 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 29 daughters nmod:poss 28 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 29 daughters nummod 29 daughters daughter NOUN Number=Plur 25 hand nmod 30 ; ; PUNCT _ 34 merciful punct 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 LORD det 32 LORD LORD PROPN Number=Sing 34 merciful nsubj 33 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 34 merciful cop 34 merciful merciful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lingered conj 35 unto unto ADP _ 36 him case 36 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 34 merciful obl 37 . . PUNCT _ 3 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past he tree rules 2 hold past the men his hand upon the hand of his wife; upon the hand of his two daughters vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon hand=Location 3 is gerund the LORD unto him = he ; merciful property tree rules
Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)
punct compound punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Torah PROPN GEN.19.16 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 GEN.19.16 punct 2 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.19.16 compound 3 GEN.19.16 GEN.19.16 PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.19.16 conj 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 JPS flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 GEN.19.16 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 And Ehud escaped while they lingered, having passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirah. (Prophets JDG.3.26, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And Ehud escaped while they lingered, having passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirah.
The tree, 15 words cc nsubj mark nsubj conj punct aux acl case det obl punct cc conj case obl punct root And CCONJ Ehud PROPN escaped VERB while SCONJ they PRON lingered VERB , PUNCT having AUX passed VERB beyond ADP the DET quarries NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ escaped VERB unto ADP Seirah PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 escaped cc 2 Ehud Ehud PROPN Number=Sing 3 escaped nsubj 3 escaped escape VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 while while SCONJ _ 6 lingered mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 lingered nsubj 6 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 escaped conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 passed punct 8 having have AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 passed aux 9 passed pass VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 lingered acl 10 beyond beyond ADP _ 12 quarries case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 quarries det 12 quarries quarry NOUN Number=Plur 9 passed obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 escaped punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 escaped cc 15 escaped escape VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 escaped conj 16 unto unto ADP _ 17 Seirah case 17 Seirah Seirah PROPN Number=Sing 15 escaped obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 escaped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 escape past Ehud vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 linger past they vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 pass gerund · perfect the quarries vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond quarry=Location 4 escape past Ehud not said here unto Seirah vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: (Prophets JDG.3.26, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN JDG.3.26 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 JDG.3.26 JDG.3.26 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 JDG.3.26 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 JDG.3.26 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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