📖 paragraphWho acts: paragraph, you, first paragraph, reader, someone, story · What happens: be, start, indent, grab, attend, read · To what, where: group, new line, new paragraph, attention, second paragraph, five paragraphs · Speech: someone speaks here
«paragraph» in the English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: paragraph in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea; it starts on a new line, often indented.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case nummod amod nmod punct nsubj conj case det amod obl punct advmod acl:relcl punct root A DET paragraph NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP sentences NOUN about ADP one NUM main ADJ idea NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON starts VERB on ADP a DET new ADJ line NOUN , PUNCT often ADV indented VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 paragraph det 2 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 5 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 group cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 group det 5 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 sentences case 7 sentences sentence NOUN Number=Plur 5 group nmod 8 about about ADP _ 11 idea case 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 idea nummod 10 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 11 idea amod 11 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 7 sentences nmod 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 starts punct 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 starts nsubj 14 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 group conj 15 on on ADP _ 18 line case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 line det 17 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 18 line amod 18 line line NOUN Number=Sing 14 starts obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 indented punct 20 often often ADV _ 21 indented advmod 21 indented indent VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 line acl:relcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a paragraph a group of sentences about one main idea tree rules 2 start present paragraph a new line vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 indent participle a new line not said here often property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Start a new paragraph for each new idea.
det amod obj case det amod nmod punct root Start VERB a DET new ADJ paragraph NOUN for ADP each DET new ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 paragraph det 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 paragraph amod 4 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 1 Start obj 5 for for ADP _ 8 idea case 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 idea det 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 idea amod 8 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 4 paragraph nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start imperative you not said here a new paragraph for each new idea vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paragraph=Eventuality
Example 2 The first paragraph should grab the reader's attention.
det amod nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET first ADJ paragraph NOUN should AUX grab VERB the DET reader NOUN 's PART attention NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 paragraph det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 paragraph amod 3 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 5 grab nsubj 4 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 grab aux 5 grab grab VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 reader det 7 reader reader NOUN Number=Sing 9 attention nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 reader case 9 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 5 grab obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 grab punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grab should the first paragraph the reader's attention vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Theme 2 attend the reader nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Read the second paragraph again.
det amod obj advmod punct root Read VERB the DET second ADJ paragraph NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 paragraph det 3 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 paragraph amod 4 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 5 again again ADV _ 1 Read advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the second paragraph again vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paragraph=Topic
Example 4 When someone new speaks, start a new paragraph.
advmod nsubj amod advcl punct det amod obj punct root When ADV someone PRON new ADJ speaks VERB , PUNCT start VERB a DET new ADJ paragraph NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 speaks advmod 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 speaks nsubj 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 2 someone amod 4 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 start advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 speaks punct 6 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 paragraph det 8 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 9 paragraph amod 9 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present someone vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 start imperative you not said here a new paragraph vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paragraph=Eventuality
Example 5 My story has five paragraphs.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obj punct root My PRON story NOUN has VERB five NUM paragraphs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 story nmod:poss 2 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 paragraphs nummod 5 paragraphs paragraph NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My story five paragraphs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paragraph=Patient
Example 6 Underline the topic sentence of the paragraph.
det compound obj case det nmod punct root Underline VERB the DET topic NOUN sentence NOUN of ADP the DET paragraph NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underline underline VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sentence det 3 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 4 sentence compound 4 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Underline obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 paragraph case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 paragraph det 7 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 4 sentence nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Underline punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 underline imperative you not said here the topic sentence of the paragraph vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentence=Theme 2 sentence the paragraph nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 He read the paragraph to them, and added, ‘I wonder, now, whether that could be your bull-calf Peter?’
The tree, 19 words nsubj det obj case obl punct cc conj punct punct nsubj ccomp punct advmod punct mark nsubj aux cop nmod:poss compound punct parataxis appos punct punct root He PRON read VERB the DET paragraph NOUN to ADP them PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ added VERB , PUNCT ‘ PUNCT I PRON wonder VERB , PUNCT now ADV , PUNCT whether SCONJ that PRON could AUX be AUX your PRON bull NOUN - PUNCT calf NOUN Peter PROPN ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 paragraph det 4 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 them case 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 read obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 added punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 added cc 9 added add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 read conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 wonder punct 11 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 13 wonder punct 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 wonder nsubj 13 wonder wonder VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 added ccomp 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 now punct 15 now now ADV PronType=Dem 13 wonder advmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 24 calf punct 17 whether whether SCONJ _ 24 calf mark 18 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 24 calf nsubj 19 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 calf aux 20 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 24 calf cop 21 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 calf nmod:poss 22 bull bull NOUN Number=Sing 24 calf compound 23 - - PUNCT _ 22 bull punct 24 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 13 wonder parataxis 25 Peter Peter PROPN Number=Sing 24 calf appos 26 ? ? PUNCT _ 25 Peter punct 27 ’ ' PUNCT _ 24 calf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past He the paragraph them = they vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent paragraph=Topic to they=Recipient 2 add speech: assert past He not said here vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 wonder speech: ask present I now vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 is a could that your bull calf your nmod:poss ; Peter appos tree rules
Example 8 This idea is then symbolically explained in the next paragraph. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: This idea is then symbolically explained in the next paragraph.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod case det amod obl punct root This DET idea NOUN is AUX then ADV symbolically ADV explained VERB in ADP the DET next ADJ paragraph NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 6 explained nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 explained aux:pass 4 then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 explained advmod 5 symbolically symbolically ADV _ 6 explained advmod 6 explained explain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 in in ADP _ 10 paragraph case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 paragraph det 9 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 10 paragraph amod 10 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 6 explained obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 explained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert present · passive this idea the next paragraph then symbolically property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 [paragraph continues] Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagitarius, Capricornus, Aquarius and Pisces. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: [paragraph continues] Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagitarius, Capricornus, Aquarius and Pisces.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj punct obj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root [ PUNCT paragraph NOUN continues VERB ] PUNCT Taurus PROPN , PUNCT Gemini PROPN , PUNCT Cancer PROPN , PUNCT Leo PROPN , PUNCT Virgo PROPN , PUNCT Libra PROPN , PUNCT Scorpio PROPN , PUNCT Sagitarius PROPN , PUNCT Capricornus PROPN , PUNCT Aquarius PROPN and CCONJ Pisces PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 [ [ PUNCT _ 3 continues punct 2 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 3 continues nsubj 3 continues continue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ] ] PUNCT _ 5 Taurus punct 5 Taurus Taurus PROPN Number=Sing 3 continues obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Gemini punct 7 Gemini Gemini PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 Cancer punct 9 Cancer Cancer PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 Leo punct 11 Leo Leo PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 Virgo punct 13 Virgo Virgo PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 Libra punct 15 Libra Libra PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 Scorpio punct 17 Scorpio Scorpio PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 Sagitarius punct 19 Sagitarius Sagitarius PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 Capricornus punct 21 Capricornus Capricornus PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 Aquarius punct 23 Aquarius Aquarius PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 Pisces cc 25 Pisces Pisces PROPN Number=Sing 5 Taurus conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 3 continues punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 continue present paragraph Taurus and Gemini and Cancer and Leo and Virgo and Libra and Scorpio and Sagitarius and Capricornus and Aquarius and Pisces vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent taurus=Theme
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10
This whole paragraph is an interpolation of an unknown hand, as it can be easily proved. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: 44) This whole paragraph is an interpolation of an unknown hand, as it can be easily proved.
The tree, 17 words nummod punct det amod nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct mark nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advmod parataxis punct root 44 NUM ) PUNCT This DET whole ADJ paragraph NOUN is AUX an DET interpolation NOUN of ADP an DET unknown ADJ hand NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ it PRON can AUX be AUX easily ADV proved VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 44 44 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 This nummod 2 ) ) PUNCT _ 1 44 punct 3 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 paragraph det 4 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 5 paragraph amod 5 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 8 interpolation nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 interpolation cop 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 interpolation det 8 interpolation interpolation NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 12 hand case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 hand det 11 unknown unknown ADJ Degree=Pos 12 hand amod 12 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 8 interpolation nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 19 proved punct 14 as as SCONJ _ 19 proved mark 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 proved nsubj:pass 16 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 proved aux 17 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 19 proved aux:pass 18 easily easily ADV _ 19 proved advmod 19 proved prove VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 interpolation parataxis 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 interpolation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this whole paragraph a interpolation of a unknown hand tree rules 2 prove can · passive paragraph easily property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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