📖 plaintiveWho acts: someone, lost kitten, We, seagull, Ratty, plaintive call · What happens: sound, complain, cry, ask, lose, give · To what, where: plaintive cry, plaintive mew, plaintive song, plaintive whine, door, us · Speech: someone speaks here
«plaintive» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plaintive in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 Sounding sad, like someone complaining or crying softly: «a plaintive cry».
The tree, 11 words csubj xcomp punct mark nsubj conj cc conj advmod punct punct det amod punct punct root Sounding VERB sad ADJ , PUNCT like SCONJ someone PRON complaining VERB or CCONJ crying VERB softly ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET plaintive ADJ cry NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sounding sound VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 cry csubj 2 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Sounding xcomp 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 complaining punct 4 like like SCONJ _ 6 complaining mark 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 complaining nsubj 6 complaining complain VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Sounding conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 crying cc 8 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 complaining conj 9 softly softly ADV _ 8 crying advmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 1 Sounding punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 cry punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 cry det 13 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 14 cry amod 14 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 cry punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 14 cry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound gerund sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 complain speech: other gerund someone vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cry speech: express gerund someone not said here softly property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 Sad and gentle, asking for pity.
cc conj punct parataxis case obl punct root Sad ADJ and CCONJ gentle ADJ , PUNCT asking VERB for ADP pity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 gentle cc 3 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Sad conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 asking punct 5 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Sad parataxis 6 for for ADP _ 7 pity case 7 pity pity NOUN Number=Sing 5 asking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask gerund for pity vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The lost kitten gave a plaintive mew.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET lost VERB kitten NOUN gave VERB a DET plaintive ADJ mew NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 kitten det 2 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 kitten amod 3 kitten kitten NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mew det 6 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mew amod 7 mew mew NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 give past the lost kitten a plaintive mew vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mew=Theme
Example 2 We heard the plaintive cry of a seagull.
nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET plaintive ADJ cry NOUN of ADP a DET seagull NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cry det 4 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cry amod 5 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 seagull case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 seagull det 8 seagull seagull NOUN Number=Sing 5 cry nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the plaintive cry of a seagull vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus 2 cry a seagull nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 «Ratty, please come back!» came the Mole's plaintive call.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj punct discourse parataxis advmod punct punct det nmod:poss case amod nsubj punct root « PUNCT Ratty PROPN , PUNCT please INTJ come VERB back ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT came VERB the DET Mole NOUN 's PART plaintive ADJ call NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 come punct 2 Ratty Ratty PROPN Number=Sing 5 come nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ratty punct 4 please please INTJ _ 5 come discourse 5 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 came parataxis 6 back back ADV _ 5 come advmod 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 come punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 come punct 9 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Mole det 11 Mole mole NOUN Number=Sing 14 call nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 Mole case 13 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 14 call amod 14 call call NOUN Number=Sing 9 came nsubj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come back in a quote infinitive Ratty vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 come past the Mole's plaintive call tree rules 3 call the Mole nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 She sang a plaintive song about home.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root She PRON sang VERB a DET plaintive ADJ song NOUN about ADP home NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 song det 4 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 5 song amod 5 song song NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obj 6 about about ADP _ 7 home case 7 home home NOUN Number=Sing 5 song nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past She a plaintive song about home vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
Example 5 The dog gave a plaintive whine at the door.
det nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root The DET dog NOUN gave VERB a DET plaintive ADJ whine NOUN at ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 whine det 5 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 whine amod 6 whine whine NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 door case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 door det 9 door door NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the dog a plaintive whine the door vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent whine=Theme at door=Asset
Example 6 His plaintive voice made us feel sorry for him.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj xcomp xcomp case obl punct root His PRON plaintive ADJ voice NOUN made VERB us PRON feel VERB sorry ADJ for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 voice nmod:poss 2 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 3 voice amod 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 made xcomp 7 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp 8 for for ADP _ 9 him case 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 sorry obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past His plaintive voice us tree rules 2 feel infinitive us not said here sorry property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 7 Wendy was now almost overhead, and they could hear her plaintive cry.
nsubj cop advmod advmod punct cc nsubj aux conj nmod:poss amod obj punct root Wendy PROPN was AUX now ADV almost ADV overhead ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON could AUX hear VERB her PRON plaintive ADJ cry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wendy Wendy PROPN Number=Sing 5 overhead nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 overhead cop 3 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 overhead advmod 4 almost almost ADV _ 5 overhead advmod 5 overhead overhead ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 hear punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 hear cc 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 hear nsubj 9 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 hear aux 10 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 overhead conj 11 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 cry nmod:poss 12 plaintive plaintive ADJ Degree=Pos 13 cry amod 13 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 10 hear obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 overhead punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Wendy now almost, overhead property tree rules 2 hear could they Wendy's plaintive cry vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus 3 cry Wendy nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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