puncture

Who acts: puncture, air, puncture wound, I, Dad, nail · What happens: be, make, come out, puncture, get, show · To what, where: small hole, something, deep small wound, puncture, bike, me

«puncture» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: puncture in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

A puncture is a small hole made by something sharp, especially in a tyre so that the air comes out.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 puncture	det
2	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hole	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 hole	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hole	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hole	amod
6	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hole	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 something	case
9	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 made	obl:agent
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 something	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 tyre	punct
12	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 tyre	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 tyre	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 tyre	det
15	tyre	tyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sharp	conj
16	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	20 comes	mark
17	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 so	fixed
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 air	det
19	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 comes	nsubj
20	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 made	advcl
21	out	out	ADP	_	20 comes	compound:prt
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a puncture	a small hole		tree rules
2	make	participle		a small hole not said here	something obl:agent	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	come out	present	the air			vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

To puncture something is to make a small hole in it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 puncture	mark
2	puncture	puncture	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 make	csubj
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 puncture	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 make	cop
5	to	to	PART	_	6 make	mark
6	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 hole	det
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 hole	amod
9	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 make	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 hole	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puncture	to-infinitive		something					vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
2	is	present						a small hole obj; make property	tree rules

Everyday, meaning 3

A puncture wound is a deep, small wound made by something pointed, like a nail.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 wound	det
2	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wound	compound
3	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wound	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 wound	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 wound	det
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 wound	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 deep	punct
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 wound	amod
9	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 wound	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 something	case
12	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	10 made	obl:agent
13	pointed	pointed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 something	amod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 nail	punct
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 nail	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 nail	det
17	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 wound	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a puncture wound	a deep small wound					tree rules
2	make	participle		a deep small wound not said here				like a nail; something obl:agent	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Example 1

I got a puncture on my bike on the way to school.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 got	nsubj
2	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 puncture	det
4	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 bike	case
6	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 bike	nmod:poss
7	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 way	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 way	det
10	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obl
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 school	case
12	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 way	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 got	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	I	a puncture		my bike		on the way to school	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent puncture=Theme on bike=Source

Example 2

Dad showed me how to mend a puncture.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 showed	nsubj
2	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 showed	iobj
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 mend	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 mend	mark
6	mend	mend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 showed	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 puncture	det
8	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mend	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	Dad		me				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient
2	mend	to-infinitive	Dad not said here	a puncture					tree rules

Example 3

A nail punctured the car tyre.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 nail	det
2	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 punctured	nsubj
3	punctured	puncture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 tyre	det
5	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tyre	compound
6	tyre	tyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 punctured	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 punctured	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	puncture	past	a nail	the car tyre					vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyre=Patient

Example 4

Be careful: the pin could puncture the balloon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	2 careful	cop
2	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 puncture	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pin	det
5	pin	pin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 puncture	nsubj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 puncture	aux
7	puncture	puncture	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 careful	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 balloon	det
9	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 puncture	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 careful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	imperative	you not said here					careful property	tree rules
2	puncture	could	the pin	the balloon					vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient

Example 5

A puncture wound from a rusty nail needs a doctor's check.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 wound	det
2	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wound	compound
3	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 needs	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 nail	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 nail	det
6	rusty	rusty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 nail	amod
7	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wound	nmod
8	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 doctor	det
10	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 check	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 doctor	case
12	check	check	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 needs	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	a puncture wound from a rusty nail	a doctor's check					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot check=Theme
2	check		a doctor						nom check «possession intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

We carry a puncture repair kit on long rides.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 carry	nsubj
2	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 kit	det
4	puncture	puncture	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 repair	compound
5	repair	repair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kit	compound
6	kit	kit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carry	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 rides	case
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rides	amod
9	rides	ride	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carry	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 carry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	We	a repair kit		long rides			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kit=Theme

Example 7

And the Seven Gates in the person: two eyes, two ears, two punctures of the nose, and the mouth. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

Sentence 1: And the Seven Gates in the person: two eyes, two ears, two punctures of the nose, and the mouth.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 Gates	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Gates	det
3	Seven	Seven	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Gates	compound
4	Gates	Gate	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 person	nsubj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 eyes	punct
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 eyes	nummod
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 person	appos
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ears	punct
12	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 ears	nummod
13	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 eyes	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 punctures	punct
15	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 punctures	nummod
16	punctures	puncture	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 eyes	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 nose	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 nose	det
19	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 punctures	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 mouth	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 mouth	cc
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 mouth	det
23	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	conj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
2	puncture		the nose						nom puncture «event intransitive»: of=agent

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 translation	punct
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
6	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
7	translation	translation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/P/puncture/

📖 puncture

Everyday, meaning 1

Everyday, meaning 2

Everyday, meaning 3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

puncture