📖 signallingWho acts: Present participle, Dark clouds, something, cyclist, lifeguard, us · What happens: give, send, show, happen, signall, leave · To what, where: sign, message, Present participle, rain, noun system, storm · Speech: someone speaks here
«signalling» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: signalling in the English dictionary .
Everyday, meaning 1 Present participle of «signal»: giving a sign, sound or light to send a message.
The tree, 14 words amod case punct nmod punct punct acl det obj punct conj cc conj mark advcl det obj punct root Present ADJ participle NOUN of ADP « PUNCT signal NOUN » PUNCT : PUNCT giving VERB a DET sign NOUN , PUNCT sound NOUN or CCONJ light NOUN to PART send VERB a DET message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Present present ADJ Degree=Pos 2 participle amod 2 participle participle NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 signal case 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 signal punct 5 signal signal NOUN Number=Sing 2 participle nmod 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 participle punct 7 : : PUNCT _ 8 giving punct 8 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 participle acl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sign det 10 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 8 giving obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 sound punct 12 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 10 sign conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 light cc 14 light light NOUN Number=Sing 12 sound conj 15 to to PART _ 16 send mark 16 send send VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 giving advcl 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 message det 18 message message NOUN Number=Sing 16 send obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 participle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give gerund Present participle of signal not said here a sign and sound or light vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme 2 send to-infinitive Present participle of signal not said here a message vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Everyday, meaning 2 Showing that something is happening: «Dark clouds are signalling rain.».
The tree, 10 words advcl mark nsubj aux ccomp punct punct amod nsubj aux obj punct punct punct root Showing VERB that SCONJ something PRON is AUX happening VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Dark ADJ clouds NOUN are AUX signalling VERB rain NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Showing show VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 signalling advcl 2 that that SCONJ _ 5 happening mark 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 happening nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 happening aux 5 happening happen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Showing ccomp 6 : : PUNCT _ 1 Showing punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 11 signalling punct 8 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 9 clouds amod 9 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 11 signalling nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 signalling aux 11 signalling signall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 12 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 11 signalling obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 signalling punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 signalling punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 signalling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show gerund Dark clouds not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 happen present · progressive something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 signall in a quote present · progressive Dark clouds rain tree rules
Everyday, meaning 3 noun The system of signals on a railway or in the body: «railway signalling», «cell signalling».
The tree, 16 words compound det case nmod case det nmod cc case det conj punct punct compound appos punct punct punct compound appos punct punct root noun NOUN The DET system NOUN of ADP signals NOUN on ADP a DET railway NOUN or CCONJ in ADP the DET body NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT railway NOUN signalling NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT cell NOUN signalling NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 3 system compound 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 system det 3 system system NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 signals case 5 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 3 system nmod 6 on on ADP _ 8 railway case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 railway det 8 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 5 signals nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 body cc 10 in in ADP _ 12 body case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 body det 12 body body NOUN Number=Sing 8 railway conj 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 signalling punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 signalling punct 15 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 16 signalling compound 16 signalling signalling NOUN Number=Sing 3 system appos 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 signalling punct 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 signalling punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 21 signalling punct 20 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 21 signalling compound 21 signalling signalling NOUN Number=Sing 3 system appos 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 signalling punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 system punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The cyclist was signalling left.
det nsubj aux xcomp punct root The DET cyclist NOUN was AUX signalling VERB left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cyclist det 2 cyclist cyclist NOUN Number=Sing 4 signalling nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 signalling aux 4 signalling signall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 signalling xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 signalling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 signall past · progressive the cyclist tree rules 2 leave participle the cyclist not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The lifeguard is signalling for us to come in.
det nsubj aux mark nsubj mark advcl advmod punct root The DET lifeguard NOUN is AUX signalling VERB for SCONJ us PRON to PART come VERB in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lifeguard det 2 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 4 signalling nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 signalling aux 4 signalling signall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 for for SCONJ _ 8 come mark 6 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 come nsubj 7 to to PART _ 8 come mark 8 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 signalling advcl 9 in in ADV _ 8 come advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 signalling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 signall present · progressive the lifeguard tree rules 2 come in to-infinitive us vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Dark clouds were signalling a storm.
amod nsubj aux det obj punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN were AUX signalling VERB a DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 4 signalling nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 signalling aux 4 signalling signall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 storm det 6 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 signalling obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 signalling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 signall past · progressive Dark clouds a storm tree rules
Example 4 Railway signalling stops trains from crashing.
compound nsubj obj mark advcl punct root Railway NOUN signalling NOUN stops VERB trains NOUN from SCONJ crashing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 2 signalling compound 2 signalling signalling NOUN Number=Sing 3 stops nsubj 3 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 3 stops obj 5 from from SCONJ _ 6 crashing mark 6 crashing crash VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 stops advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present Railway signalling trains vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality train=Eventuality 2 crash gerund Railway signalling not said here vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 Sailors used flags for signalling.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Sailors NOUN used VERB flags NOUN for ADP signalling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 flags flag NOUN Number=Plur 2 used obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 signalling case 5 signalling signalling NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Sailors flags for signalling vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent flag=Theme for signalling=Eventuality
Example 6 Always check the driver is signalling before you cross.
advmod det nsubj aux ccomp mark nsubj advcl punct root Always ADV check VERB the DET driver NOUN is AUX signalling VERB before SCONJ you PRON cross VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 check advmod 2 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 driver det 4 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 6 signalling nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 signalling aux 6 signalling signall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 check ccomp 7 before before SCONJ _ 9 cross mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 cross nsubj 9 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 signalling advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here always property tree rules 2 signall present · progressive the driver tree rules 3 cross present you vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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