abject Who acts: Abject, fear, you, I, they, abjects · What happens: mean, describe, be, have, leave, halt · To what, where: fear, pride, themselves, abjects, me, bread
«abject» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abject in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Abject means very miserable, poor and low in condition, with no hope or comfort.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod xcomp punct conj cc conj case obl punct case det nmod cc conj punct root Abject ADJ means VERB very ADV miserable ADJ , PUNCT poor ADJ and CCONJ low ADJ in ADP condition NOUN , PUNCT with ADP no DET hope NOUN or CCONJ comfort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 miserable advmod 4 miserable miserable ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 poor punct 6 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 4 miserable conj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 low cc 8 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 4 miserable conj 9 in in ADP _ 10 condition case 10 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 8 low obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 hope punct 12 with with ADP _ 14 hope case 13 no no DET PronType=Neg 14 hope det 14 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 10 condition nmod 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 comfort cc 16 comfort comfort NOUN Number=Sing 14 hope conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Abject miserable property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Abject can also describe fear or apology that is total and humble, as if you have no pride left.
The tree, 19 words reparandum aux advmod obj cc conj nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj punct mark mark nsubj advcl det obj acl punct root Abject ADJ can AUX also ADV describe VERB fear NOUN or CCONJ apology NOUN that PRON is AUX total ADJ and CCONJ humble ADJ , PUNCT as SCONJ if SCONJ you PRON have VERB no DET pride NOUN left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 4 describe reparandum 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 describe aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 describe advmod 4 describe describe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 4 describe obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 apology cc 7 apology apology NOUN Number=Sing 5 fear conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 total nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 total cop 10 total total ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fear acl:relcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 humble cc 12 humble humble ADJ Degree=Pos 10 total conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 have punct 14 as as SCONJ _ 17 have mark 15 if if SCONJ _ 17 have mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 have nsubj 17 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 describe advcl 18 no no DET PronType=Neg 19 pride det 19 pride pride NOUN Number=Sing 17 have obj 20 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 pride acl 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can fear or apology vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent fear=Theme 2 is present fear or apology total property tree rules 3 be fear or apology not said here tree rules 4 have present you no pride vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pride=Patient 5 leave participle no pride not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 But when I halt they rejoice, and gather themselves together; the abjects gather themselves together against me, and those whom I know not; they tear me, and cease not; (Writings PSA.35.15, JPS 1917)
The tree, 33 words cc advmod nsubj advcl nsubj ccomp punct cc conj obj advmod punct det nsubj obj advmod case obl punct cc nsubj obl nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct nsubj conj obj punct cc conj advmod punct punct obl appos punct flat flat punct root But CCONJ when ADV I PRON halt VERB they PRON rejoice VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ gather VERB themselves PRON together ADV ; PUNCT the DET abjects NOUN gather VERB themselves PRON together ADV against ADP me PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ those PRON whom PRON I PRON know VERB not PART ; PUNCT they PRON tear VERB me PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ cease VERB not PART ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PSA.35.15 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 15 gather cc 2 when when ADV PronType=Int 4 halt advmod 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 halt nsubj 4 halt halt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 gather advcl 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 rejoice nsubj 6 rejoice rejoice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 halt ccomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 gather punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 gather cc 9 gather gather VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 halt conj 10 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 gather obj 11 together together ADV _ 9 gather advmod 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 gather punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 abjects det 14 abjects abject NOUN Number=Plur 15 gather nsubj 15 gather gather VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 16 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 gather obj 17 together together ADV _ 15 gather advmod 18 against against ADP _ 19 me case 19 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 gather obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 whom punct 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 whom cc 22 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 23 whom nsubj 23 whom whom PRON PronType=Rel 15 gather obl 24 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 25 know nsubj 25 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 whom acl:relcl 26 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 know advmod 27 ; ; PUNCT _ 29 tear punct 28 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 tear nsubj 29 tear tear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 gather conj 30 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 29 tear obj 31 , , PUNCT _ 33 cease punct 32 and and CCONJ _ 33 cease cc 33 cease cease VERB VerbForm=Inf 29 tear conj 34 not not PART Polarity=Neg 33 cease advmod 35 ; ; PUNCT _ 37 Writings punct 36 ( ( PUNCT _ 37 Writings punct 37 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 15 gather obl 38 PSA.35.15 PSA.35.15 PROPN Number=Sing 37 Writings appos 39 , , PUNCT _ 40 JPS punct 40 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 38 PSA.35.15 flat 41 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 38 PSA.35.15 flat 42 ) ) PUNCT _ 38 PSA.35.15 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 halt present I tree rules 2 rejoice present they vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 gather present I not said here themselves = they together property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme 4 gather present the abjects abjects = abject against me; Writings obl ; together property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme 5 not know present I vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 6 tear present abjects = abject me vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location i=Theme 7 not cease infinitive abjects = abject not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 2 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for food to refresh the soul. 'See, O LORD, and behold, how abject I am become.' (Writings LAM.1.11, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for food to refresh the soul. '
The tree, 19 words det:predet nmod:poss nsubj discourse punct nsubj obj punct nsubj aux conj nmod:poss amod obj case obl mark advcl det obj punct punct root All DET her PRON people NOUN sigh INTJ , PUNCT they PRON seek VERB bread NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON have AUX given VERB their PRON pleasant ADJ things NOUN for ADP food NOUN to PART refresh VERB the DET soul NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 3 people det:predet 2 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 people nmod:poss 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 seek nsubj 4 sigh sigh INTJ _ 7 seek discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 seek punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 seek nsubj 7 seek seek VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 7 seek obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 given punct 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 given nsubj 11 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 given aux 12 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 seek conj 13 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 things nmod:poss 14 pleasant pleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 15 things amod 15 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 12 given obj 16 for for ADP _ 17 food case 17 food food NOUN Number=Sing 12 given obl 18 to to PART _ 19 refresh mark 19 refresh refresh VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 given advcl 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 soul det 21 soul soul NOUN Number=Sing 19 refresh obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 seek punct 23 ' ' PUNCT _ 7 seek punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seek present her people bread vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Theme 2 give present · perfect people people's pleasant things for food vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent thing=Theme for food=Asset 3 refresh to-infinitive people not said here the soul vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer
Sentence 2: See, O LORD, and behold, how abject I am become.'
The tree, 10 words punct discourse obl punct cc discourse punct advmod parataxis nsubj aux acl:relcl punct punct root See VERB , PUNCT O INTJ LORD PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ behold INTJ , PUNCT how ADV abject ADJ I PRON am AUX become VERB . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 See see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 LORD punct 3 O o INTJ _ 4 LORD discourse 4 LORD LORD PROPN Number=Sing 1 See obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 abject punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 10 abject cc 7 behold behold INTJ _ 10 abject discourse 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 abject punct 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 abject advmod 10 abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 1 See parataxis 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 become nsubj 12 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 become aux 13 become become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 abject acl:relcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 See punct 15 ' ' PUNCT _ 1 See punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see imperative you not said here LORD vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 become present I vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Sentence 3: (Writings LAM.1.11, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN LAM.1.11 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 LAM.1.11 LAM.1.11 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 LAM.1.11 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 LAM.1.11 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 The beggar lived in abject poverty.
det nsubj case amod obl punct root The DET beggar NOUN lived VERB in ADP abject ADJ poverty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beggar det 2 beggar beggar NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived nsubj 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 poverty case 5 abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 6 poverty amod 6 poverty poverty NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the beggar abject poverty vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in poverty=Location
Example 4 The soldier fled in abject fear.
det nsubj case amod obl punct root The DET soldier NOUN fled VERB in ADP abject ADJ fear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldier det 2 soldier soldier NOUN Number=Sing 3 fled nsubj 3 fled flee VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 fear case 5 abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fear amod 6 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 3 fled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 fled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flee past the soldier abject fear vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 He made an abject apology to the king.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root He PRON made VERB an DET abject ADJ apology NOUN to ADP the DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 apology det 4 abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 5 apology amod 5 apology apology NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 king case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 king det 8 king king NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past He a abject apology to the king vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apology=Product
Example 6 The prisoners lived in abject misery.
det nsubj case amod obl punct root The DET prisoners NOUN lived VERB in ADP abject ADJ misery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 prisoners det 2 prisoners prisoner NOUN Number=Plur 3 lived nsubj 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 misery case 5 abject abject ADJ Degree=Pos 6 misery amod 6 misery misery NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the prisoners abject misery vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in misery=Location
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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