abuse

Who acts: it, Rude insulting words, work, we, anyone, you · What happens: use, do, abuse, treat, shout, mean · To what, where: something, harm, power, person, abuse, someone · Speech: someone speaks here

«abuse» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abuse in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Using something wrongly or too much, so it does harm: drug abuse, abuse of power.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 does	advcl
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Using	obj
3	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	_	1 Using	advmod
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 much	cc
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 much	advmod
6	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wrongly	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Using	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 does	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 does	nsubj
10	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 does	obj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 abuse	punct
13	drug	drug	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 abuse	compound
14	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 harm	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 abuse	punct
16	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 abuse	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 power	case
18	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 abuse	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		something	wrongly property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
2	do	present	it	harm and drug abuse and abuse of power		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality
3	abuse			power		nom abuse «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 treatment	amod
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 violent	cc
3	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cruel	conj
4	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treatment	nmod
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 animal	cc
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 treatment	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat			a person or animal					nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

Meaning 3

Rude, insulting words: shouting abuse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 words	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Rude	punct
3	insulting	insulting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 words	amod
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 shouting	punct
6	shouting	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 words	acl
7	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shouting	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 words	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	gerund	Rude insulting words not said here	abuse					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic

Meaning 4

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To treat someone cruelly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 treat	mark
2	treat	treat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 treat	obj
4	cruelly	cruelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 someone	amod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 treat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat	to-infinitive			someone				vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient

Meaning 5

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To use something badly or unfairly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 use	mark
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 use	obj
4	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 use	advmod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 unfairly	cc
6	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	_	4 badly	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	to-infinitive		something				badly property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient

Meaning 6

To abuse someone can also mean to insult them with rude words.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 abuse	mark
2	abuse	abuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mean	csubj
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 abuse	obj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 mean	aux
5	also	also	ADV	_	6 mean	advmod
6	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 insult	mark
8	insult	insult	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mean	xcomp
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 insult	obj
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 words	case
11	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 words	amod
12	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 insult	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	abuse	to-infinitive	someone		vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme
2	mean	can			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	insult not said to happen	to-infinitive	them = they	with rude words	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Example 1

Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	_	6 expensive	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nevertheless	punct
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 work	det
4	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expensive	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 expensive	cop
6	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 keep	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 keep	advmod
9	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 keep	mark
10	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 in	fixed
11	to	to	PART	_	12 keep	mark
12	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 expensive	parataxis
13	providing	provide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 keep	xcomp
14	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 resource	det
15	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 providing	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 taken	punct
17	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 taken	nsubj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 taken	aux
19	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 keep	conj
20	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 taken	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 prevent	mark
22	prevent	prevent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 taken	advcl
23	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 prevent	obj
24	by	by	ADP	_	26 parties	case
25	commercial	commercial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 parties	amod
26	parties	party	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 prevent	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 placing	punct
28	including	including	ADP	_	29 placing	mark
29	placing	place	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 prevent	advcl
30	technical	technical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 restrictions	amod
31	restrictions	restriction	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 placing	obj
32	on	on	ADP	_	34 querying	case
33	automated	automated	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 querying	amod
34	querying	querying	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 placing	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 expensive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	this work			expensive, nevertheless property	tree rules
2	keep	to-infinitive					tree rules
3	provide	gerund		this resource			vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition resource=Theme
4	take	present · perfect	we	steps			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme
5	prevent	to-infinitive	we not said here	abuse		by commercial parties	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer abuse=Theme
6	place	gerund	we not said here	technical restrictions	automated querying		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent restriction=Theme on querying=Destination

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

If anyone hurts you, it is abuse; tell a trusted adult.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	3 hurts	mark
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 hurts	nsubj
3	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tell	advcl
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 hurts	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 abuse	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 abuse	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 abuse	cop
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hurts	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 hurts	punct
10	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 adult	det
12	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 adult	amod
13	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tell	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	hurt a condition, not said to happen	present	anyone	you		vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient
2	is a	present	it	abuse		tree rules
3	tell speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		a trusted adult	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
4	trust	participle				vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 3

The fans shouted abuse at the referee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fans	det
2	fans	fan	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shouted	nsubj
3	shouted	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouted	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 referee	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 referee	det
7	referee	referee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouted	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shouted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	past	the fans	abuse		the referee			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic

Example 4

Animal abuse is a crime.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abuse	compound
2	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crime	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 crime	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 crime	det
5	crime	crime	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 crime	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Animal abuse	a crime					tree rules

Example 5

He abused his power as captain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 abused	nsubj
2	abused	abuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 power	nmod:poss
4	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abused	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 captain	case
6	captain	captain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abused	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 abused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abuse	past	He	his power				as captain	vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme

Example 6

Don't abuse the trust your friends give you.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 abuse	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 abuse	advmod
3	abuse	abuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 trust	det
5	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abuse	obj
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 friends	nmod:poss
7	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 give	nsubj
8	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 trust	acl:relcl
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 give	iobj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 abuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not abuse	imperative · do-support	you not said here	the trust					vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trust=Theme
2	give	present	your friends	the trust not said here	you				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

Example 7

The website has a button to report abuse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 website	det
2	website	website	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 button	det
5	button	button	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 report	mark
7	report	report	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 button	acl
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 report	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the website	a button					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient
2	report	to-infinitive	the website not said here	abuse					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Patient

Example 8

The Lion abused him as a traitor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Lion	det
2	Lion	Lion	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 abused	nsubj
3	abused	abuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 abused	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 traitor	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 traitor	det
7	traitor	traitor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abused	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 abused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abuse	past	the Lion	him = he				as a traitor	vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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