bulwark

Who acts: thou, trees, that, city, war, We · What happens: raise, know, not be, destroy, cut down, build · To what, where: trees, bulwarks, war, song, land, strong city

«bulwark» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bulwark in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A wall or strong defence against attack.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wall	det
2	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 defence	cc
4	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 defence	amod
5	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wall	conj
6	against	against	ADP	_	7 attack	case
7	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defence	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wall	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

The raised side of a ship above the deck.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 side	det
2	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 side	amod
3	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 ship	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ship	det
6	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 side	nmod
7	above	above	ADP	_	9 deck	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 deck	det
9	deck	deck	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ship	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 side	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	participle							vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 1

Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall. (Torah DEU.20.20, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall.

The tree, 37 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 trees	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 trees	det
3	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 knowest	obl
6	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	7 knowest	nsubj
7	knowest	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trees	acl:relcl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 trees	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 trees	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 trees	cop
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 trees	advmod
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 knowest	advcl
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 food	case
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 knowest	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 destroy	punct
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 destroy	nsubj
17	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	19 destroy	nsubj
18	mayest	may	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	19 destroy	aux
19	destroy	destroy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 knowest	parataxis
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 cut	cc
21	cut	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 destroy	conj
22	down	down	ADP	_	21 cut	compound:prt
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 build	punct
24	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	27 build	nsubj
25	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	27 build	nsubj
26	mayest	may	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	27 build	aux
27	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 destroy	conj
28	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 build	obj
29	against	against	ADP	_	31 city	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 city	det
31	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 build	obl
32	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 maketh	nsubj
33	maketh	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 city	acl:relcl
34	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 maketh	obj
35	with	with	ADP	_	36 thee	case
36	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	34 war	nmod
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 fall	punct
38	until	until	SCONJ	_	40 fall	mark
39	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 fall	nsubj
40	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 build	advcl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 trees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	present	thou		of the trees; for food	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of which=Stimulus
2	not is a	present	trees = tree	trees		tree rules
3	destroy	may	trees = tree			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	cut down	infinitive	trees = tree not said here			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
5	build	may	that	bulwarks	against the city	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bulwark=Product
6	make	present	the city	war	with thee	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset war=Product
7	fall	present	war			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.20.20, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.20.20	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.20.20	compound
3	DEU.20.20	DEU.20.20	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.20.20	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.20.20	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah: We have a strong city; walls and bulwarks doth He appoint for salvation. (Prophets ISA.26.1, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah: We have a strong city; walls and bulwarks doth He appoint for salvation.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 day	case
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 day	det
3	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sung	obl
4	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 sung	aux
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 song	det
6	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sung	nsubj:pass
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 sung	aux:pass
8	sung	sing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 land	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 land	det
11	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sung	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Judah	case
13	Judah	Judah	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 land	nmod
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 have	punct
15	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 have	nsubj
16	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sung	conj
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 city	det
18	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 city	amod
19	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 have	obj
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 doth	punct
21	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 doth	nsubj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 bulwarks	cc
23	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 walls	conj
24	doth	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sung	conj
25	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 appoint	nsubj
26	appoint	appoint	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 doth	xcomp
27	for	for	ADP	_	28 salvation	case
28	salvation	salvation	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 appoint	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 sung	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	shall · passive		this song	the land of Judah	day		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	have	present	We	a strong city				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient
3	do	present	walls and bulwarks					tree rules
4	appoint	infinitive	Judah				for salvation	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.26.1, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	ISA.26.1	ISA.26.1	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ISA.26.1	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ISA.26.1	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

there was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it; (Writings ECC.9.14, JPS 1917)

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 city	det
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 city	amod
5	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 men	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 men	cc
8	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 men	amod
9	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 city	nmod
10	within	within	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 men	nmod
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 came	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 came	cc
14	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	15 came	expl
15	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 was	parataxis
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 king	det
17	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 king	amod
18	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 came	obj
19	against	against	ADP	_	20 it	case
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 king	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 besieged	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 besieged	cc
23	besieged	besiege	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 came	conj
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 besieged	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 built	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 built	cc
27	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 besieged	conj
28	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 bulwarks	amod
29	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 built	obj
30	against	against	ADP	_	31 it	case
31	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 built	obl
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 Writings	punct
33	(	(	PUNCT	_	34 Writings	punct
34	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 was	parataxis
35	ECC.9.14	ECC.9.14	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 Writings	appos
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 JPS	punct
37	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 ECC.9.14	flat
38	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 ECC.9.14	flat
39	)	)	PUNCT	_	34 Writings	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	a little city few men within it		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	come	past		a great king	there	against city	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location king=Theme
3	besiege	past		city			tree rules
4	build	past		great bulwarks		against city	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bulwark=Product

Example 4

And the multitude of all the nations that war against Ariel, even all that war against her, and the bulwarks about her, and they that distress her, shall be as a dream, a vision of the night. (Prophets ISA.29.7, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And the multitude of all the nations that war against Ariel, even all that war against her, and the bulwarks about her, and they that distress her, shall be as a dream, a vision of the night.

The tree, 37 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 multitude	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 multitude	det
3	multitude	multitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 nations	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 nations	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nations	det
7	nations	nation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 multitude	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 war	det
9	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 nations	nmod:unmarked
10	against	against	ADP	_	11 Ariel	case
11	Ariel	Ariel	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 war	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 war	punct
13	even	even	ADV	_	16 war	advmod
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 war	det
15	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 war	det
16	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 war	conj
17	against	against	ADP	_	18 her	case
18	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 war	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 dream	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 dream	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 bulwarks	det
22	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 dream	nsubj
23	about	about	ADP	_	24 her	case
24	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 bulwarks	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 distress	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 distress	cc
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 distress	nsubj
28	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 distress	nsubj
29	distress	distress	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 bulwarks	conj
30	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 distress	obj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 bulwarks	punct
32	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 dream	aux
33	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	36 dream	cop
34	as	as	ADP	_	36 dream	case
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 dream	det
36	dream	dream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 multitude	conj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 vision	punct
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 vision	det
39	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 dream	conj
40	of	of	ADP	_	42 night	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 night	det
42	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 vision	nmod
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 multitude	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	distress	present	bulwarks = bulwark	Ariel					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer
2	is	shall	the bulwarks about Ariel					as a dream and a vision of the night	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.29.7, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	ISA.29.7	ISA.29.7	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ISA.29.7	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ISA.29.7	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

After Hector's death, the Trojans lost their great bulwark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	4 death	case
2	Hector	Hector	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 death	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Hector	case
4	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lost	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 death	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Trojans	det
7	Trojans	Trojan	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 lost	nsubj
8	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 bulwark	nmod:poss
10	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 bulwark	amod
11	bulwark	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lost	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 lost	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	past	the Trojans	Trojans's great bulwark			after Hector's death		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulwark=Eventuality
2	die		Hector						nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

The waves crashed against the castle bulwarks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 waves	det
2	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crashed	nsubj
3	crashed	crash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	against	against	ADP	_	7 bulwarks	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bulwarks	det
6	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bulwarks	compound
7	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crashed	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crashed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crash	past	the waves			the castle bulwarks			vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against bulwark=Location

Example 7

The rocky cliff was a bulwark against the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cliff	det
2	rocky	rocky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cliff	amod
3	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bulwark	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 bulwark	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bulwark	det
6	bulwark	bulwark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	against	against	ADP	_	9 sea	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bulwark	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 bulwark	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the rocky cliff	a bulwark				against the sea	tree rules

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/B/bulwark/