by Who acts: you, something, cars, new point, exam voice, they · What happens: do, show, mean, sit, not mean, be · To what, where: something, number, much, maths, stiff phrases, virtue · Speech: someone speaks here
«by» in the Judaism dictionary: its 9 meanings for a pupil and its 19 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: by in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 By shows who does something: a book by Roald Dahl.
case obl nsubj obj punct det obj case nmod flat punct root By ADP shows NOUN who PRON does VERB something PRON : PUNCT a DET book NOUN by ADP Roald PROPN Dahl PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 2 shows case 2 shows show NOUN Number=Plur 4 does obl 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 does nsubj 4 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 does obj 6 : : PUNCT _ 4 does punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 book det 8 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 does obj 9 by by ADP _ 10 Roald case 10 Roald Roald PROPN Number=Sing 8 book nmod 11 Dahl Dahl PROPN Number=Sing 10 Roald flat 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 does punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present something by shows tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 By shows how something is done: by bus, by hand.
mark advmod nsubj aux:pass ccomp punct case parataxis punct case obl punct root By SCONJ shows VERB how ADV something PRON is AUX done VERB : PUNCT by ADP bus NOUN , PUNCT by ADP hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by SCONJ _ 2 shows mark 2 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 done advmod 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 done nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 done aux:pass 6 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 shows ccomp 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 bus punct 8 by by ADP _ 9 bus case 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 2 shows parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 hand punct 11 by by ADP _ 12 hand case 12 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 shows obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present by hand vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do present · passive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Meaning 3 By means next to: sit by the window.
case advmod fixed punct conj case det obl punct root By ADP means VERB next ADV to ADP : PUNCT sit VERB by ADP the DET window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 next next ADV _ 2 means advmod 4 to to ADP _ 3 next fixed 5 : : PUNCT _ 6 sit punct 6 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means conj 7 by by ADP _ 9 window case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 window det 9 window window NOUN Number=Sing 6 sit obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present next property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 sit infinitive by the window vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by window=Location
Meaning 4 By means not later than: be home by six.
case advmod advmod mark punct cop advcl case obl punct root By ADP means VERB not PART later ADV than SCONJ : PUNCT be AUX home ADV by ADP six NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 means advmod 4 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 2 means advmod 5 than than SCONJ _ 8 home mark 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 home punct 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 home cop 8 home home ADV _ 4 later advcl 9 by by ADP _ 10 six case 10 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 home obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present late property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is infinitive by six; home property tree rules
Meaning 5 In maths, by names the number you multiply or divide by, or how much something changes: grew by 3; a room 4 by 5 metres.
The tree, 25 words case obl punct case conj det appos nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obl punct cc advmod obj nsubj punct conj case obl punct det parataxis flat case nummod nmod punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT by ADP names NOUN the DET number NOUN you PRON multiply VERB or CCONJ divide VERB by ADP , PUNCT or CCONJ how ADV much ADJ something PRON changes VERB : PUNCT grew VERB by ADP 3 NUM ; PUNCT a DET room NOUN 4 NUM by ADP 5 NUM metres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 18 changes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 names punct 4 by by ADP _ 5 names case 5 names name NOUN Number=Plur 2 maths conj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 number det 7 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 names appos 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 multiply nsubj 9 multiply multiply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 number acl:relcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 divide cc 11 divide divide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 multiply conj 12 by by ADP _ 11 divide obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 changes punct 14 or or CCONJ _ 18 changes cc 15 how how ADV PronType=Int 16 much advmod 16 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 18 changes obj 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 changes nsubj 18 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 19 : : PUNCT _ 20 grew punct 20 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 changes conj 21 by by ADP _ 22 3 case 22 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 20 grew obl 23 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 room punct 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 room det 25 room room NOUN Number=Sing 18 changes parataxis 26 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 25 room flat 27 by by ADP _ 29 metres case 28 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 29 metres nummod 29 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 25 room nmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 18 changes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 multiply present you the number not said here vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme 2 divide present you not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 change present something much maths and names vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient 4 grow past something not said here by 3 vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by 3=Location
Meaning 6 As an adverb, by means past: the cars went by.
case det obl punct case advmod punct det nsubj conj obl punct root As ADP an DET adverb NOUN , PUNCT by ADP means VERB past ADV : PUNCT the DET cars NOUN went VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adverb case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adverb det 3 adverb adverb NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 means punct 5 by by ADP _ 6 means case 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 past past ADV _ 6 means advmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 went punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 cars det 10 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 11 went nsubj 11 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 means conj 12 by by ADP _ 11 went obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present as a adverb; past property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as adverb=Attribute 2 go by past the cars vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Stop by», «drop by», «pop by» mean visit for a short time; «by the way» or «btw» adds a new point.
The tree, 21 words punct obl punct punct punct conj obl punct punct punct parataxis case punct amod nmod case det amod nmod punct punct case det obl:unmarked punct cc punct advmod punct conj det amod obj punct root « PUNCT Stop VERB by ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT drop VERB by ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT pop NOUN by ADP » PUNCT mean ADJ visit NOUN for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT by ADP the DET way NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT btw ADV » PUNCT adds VERB a DET new ADJ point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Stop punct 2 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by ADP _ 2 Stop obl 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Stop punct 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 drop punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 drop punct 7 drop drop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Stop conj 8 by by ADP _ 7 drop obl 9 » » PUNCT _ 2 Stop punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 pop punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 pop punct 12 pop pop NOUN Number=Sing 2 Stop parataxis 13 by by ADP _ 16 visit case 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 by punct 15 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 16 visit amod 16 visit visit NOUN Number=Sing 12 pop nmod 17 for for ADP _ 20 time case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 time det 19 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 20 time amod 20 time time NOUN Number=Sing 16 visit nmod 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 31 adds punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 25 way punct 23 by by ADP _ 25 way case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 way det 25 way way NOUN Number=Sing 31 adds obl:unmarked 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 way punct 27 or or CCONJ _ 29 btw cc 28 « « PUNCT _ 29 btw punct 29 btw btw ADV _ 31 adds advmod 30 » » PUNCT _ 29 btw punct 31 adds add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Stop conj 32 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 34 point det 33 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 34 point amod 34 point point NOUN Number=Sing 31 adds obj 35 . . PUNCT _ 2 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop by in a quote imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 drop by in a quote infinitive you not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 add speech: assert present a new point by the way; btw property vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
Meaning 8 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice uses «by» in stiff phrases: «by means of», «by virtue of», «increased by a factor of», «by the conclusion of».
The tree, 23 words det compound nsubj punct obj punct case amod obl punct punct case parataxis advmod punct punct punct case parataxis mark punct punct punct acl case det obl case punct punct punct case det conj nmod punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN uses VERB « PUNCT by ADP » PUNCT in ADP stiff ADJ phrases NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT by ADP means VERB of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT by ADP virtue NOUN of SCONJ » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT increased VERB by ADP a DET factor NOUN of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT by ADP the DET conclusion NOUN of ADP » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 by punct 6 by by ADP _ 4 uses obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 by punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 phrases case 9 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 10 phrases amod 10 phrases phrase NOUN Number=Plur 4 uses obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 means punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 means punct 13 by by ADP _ 14 means case 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 uses parataxis 15 of of ADP _ 14 means advmod 16 » » PUNCT _ 14 means punct 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 virtue punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 virtue punct 19 by by ADP _ 20 virtue case 20 virtue virtue NOUN Number=Sing 14 means parataxis 21 of of SCONJ _ 25 increased mark 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 of punct 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 increased punct 24 « « PUNCT _ 25 increased punct 25 increased increase VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 virtue acl 26 by by ADP _ 28 factor case 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 factor det 28 factor factor NOUN Number=Sing 25 increased obl 29 of of ADP _ 28 factor case 30 » » PUNCT _ 20 virtue punct 31 , , PUNCT _ 35 conclusion punct 32 « « PUNCT _ 35 conclusion punct 33 by by ADP _ 35 conclusion case 34 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 35 conclusion det 35 conclusion conclusion NOUN Number=Sing 14 means conj 36 of of ADP _ 35 conclusion nmod 37 » » PUNCT _ 36 of punct 38 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present the exam voice stiff phrases vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent by=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 mean in a quote present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 increase in a quote participle virtue not said here by a factor vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Meaning 9 By design means on purpose, planned in advance.
case obl case obl punct parataxis case obl punct root By ADP design NOUN means VERB on ADP purpose NOUN , PUNCT planned VERB in ADP advance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 2 design case 2 design design NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 purpose case 5 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 planned punct 7 planned plan VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means parataxis 8 in in ADP _ 9 advance case 9 advance advance NOUN Number=Sing 7 planned obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present purpose by design vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 plan participle advance vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 1 And they did eat there by the heap. (Torah GEN.31.46, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And they did eat there by the heap.
cc nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root And CCONJ they PRON did AUX eat VERB there ADV by ADP the DET heap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 4 eat cc 2 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 eat nsubj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 eat aux 4 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 there there ADV PronType=Dem 4 eat advmod 6 by by ADP _ 8 heap case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 heap det 8 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past · do-support they there by the heap vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.31.46, JPS 1917)
punct compound punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Torah PROPN GEN.31.46 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 GEN.31.46 punct 2 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.31.46 compound 3 GEN.31.46 GEN.31.46 PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.31.46 conj 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 JPS flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 GEN.31.46 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 And Abraham set seven ewe-lambs of the flock by themselves. (Torah GEN.21.28, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And Abraham set seven ewe-lambs of the flock by themselves.
cc nsubj nummod compound punct obj case det nmod case obl punct root And CCONJ Abraham PROPN set VERB seven NUM ewe NOUN - PUNCT lambs NOUN of ADP the DET flock NOUN by ADP themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 set cc 2 Abraham Abraham PROPN Number=Sing 3 set nsubj 3 set set VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 lambs nummod 5 ewe ewe NOUN Number=Sing 7 lambs compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 ewe punct 7 lambs lamb NOUN Number=Plur 3 set obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 flock case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 flock det 10 flock flock NOUN Number=Sing 7 lambs nmod 11 by by ADP _ 12 themselves case 12 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 set obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set past Abraham seven ewe lambs of the flock by lambs = lamb vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent lamb=Theme by themselves=Destination
Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.21.28, JPS 1917)
punct compound punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Torah PROPN GEN.21.28 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 GEN.21.28 punct 2 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.21.28 compound 3 GEN.21.28 GEN.21.28 PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 GEN.21.28 conj 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 JPS flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 GEN.21.28 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 And the sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. (Torah NUM.3.20, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And the sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi.
cc det case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct appos cc conj punct root And CCONJ the DET sons NOUN of ADP Merari PROPN by ADP their PRON families NOUN : PUNCT Mahli PROPN and CCONJ Mushi PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 sons cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sons det 3 sons son NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 Merari case 5 Merari Merari PROPN Number=Sing 3 sons nmod 6 by by ADP _ 8 families case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 families nmod:poss 8 families family NOUN Number=Plur 3 sons nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 Mahli punct 10 Mahli Mahli PROPN Number=Sing 8 families appos 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 Mushi cc 12 Mushi Mushi PROPN Number=Sing 10 Mahli conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 sons punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: (Torah NUM.3.20, JPS 1917)
punct compound punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Torah PROPN NUM.3.20 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 NUM.3.20 punct 2 Torah Torah PROPN Number=Sing 3 NUM.3.20 compound 3 NUM.3.20 NUM.3.20 PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 NUM.3.20 conj 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 JPS flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 NUM.3.20 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 They are wholly consumed by terrors. (Writings PSA.73.19, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: They are wholly consumed by terrors.
nsubj aux:pass advmod case obl punct root They PRON are AUX wholly ADV consumed VERB by ADP terrors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 consumed nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 consumed aux:pass 3 wholly wholly ADV _ 4 consumed advmod 4 consumed consume VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 terrors case 6 terrors terror NOUN Number=Plur 4 consumed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 consumed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 consume present · passive terrors They wholly property vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.73.19, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PSA.73.19 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 PSA.73.19 PSA.73.19 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 PSA.73.19 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 PSA.73.19 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. (Prophets 1SA.16.9, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by.
advmod nsubj obj mark xcomp obl punct root Then ADV Jesse PROPN made VERB Shammah PROPN to PART pass VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 made advmod 2 Jesse Jesse PROPN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Shammah Shammah PROPN Number=Sing 3 made obj 5 to to PART _ 6 pass mark 6 pass pass VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 7 by by ADP _ 6 pass obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Jesse Shammah then tree rules 2 pass by to-infinitive Shammah not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: (Prophets 1SA.16.9, JPS 1917)
punct flat punct nmod:unmarked conj punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN 1SA.16.9 NUM , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 1SA.16.9 1SA.16.9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Prophets flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 1917 punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 6 1917 nmod:unmarked 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 1SA.16.9 conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6 Who can number the clouds by wisdom? (Writings JOB.38.37, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Who can number the clouds by wisdom?
nsubj aux compound det case nmod punct root Who PRON can AUX number NOUN the DET clouds NOUN by ADP wisdom NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 clouds nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 clouds aux 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 clouds compound 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 clouds det 5 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 by by ADP _ 7 wisdom case 7 wisdom wisdom NOUN Number=Sing 5 clouds nmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 clouds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cloud wisdom nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: by=agent
Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.38.37, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN JOB.38.37 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 JOB.38.37 JOB.38.37 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 JOB.38.37 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 JOB.38.37 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7 When there are several equal groups, we multiply the number of groups by the size of one group.
The tree, 18 words mark expl advcl amod amod nsubj punct nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl case nummod nmod punct root When SCONJ there PRON are VERB several ADJ equal ADJ groups NOUN , PUNCT we PRON multiply VERB the DET number NOUN of ADP groups NOUN by ADP the DET size NOUN of ADP one NUM group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 3 are mark 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 are expl 3 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 multiply advcl 4 several several ADJ Degree=Pos 6 groups amod 5 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 groups amod 6 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 3 are nsubj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 are punct 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 multiply nsubj 9 multiply multiply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 number det 11 number number NOUN Number=Sing 9 multiply obj 12 of of ADP _ 13 groups case 13 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 11 number nmod 14 by by ADP _ 16 size case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 size det 16 size size NOUN Number=Sing 9 multiply obl 17 of of ADP _ 19 group case 18 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 19 group nummod 19 group group NOUN Number=Sing 16 size nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 multiply punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present several equal groups there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 multiply present we the number of groups by the size of one group vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent number=Theme by size=Co-Theme
Example 8 Divide 20 by 4.
obj case obl punct root Divide VERB 20 NUM by ADP 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Divide divide VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Divide obj 3 by by ADP _ 4 4 case 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Divide obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Divide punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 divide imperative you not said here 20 by 4 vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent 20=Theme by 4=Co-Theme
Example 9 The cake was cut by Dad into 8 pieces.
det nsubj aux:pass case obl case nummod obl punct root The DET cake NOUN was AUX cut VERB by ADP Dad PROPN into ADP 8 NUM pieces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cake det 2 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 4 cut nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cut aux:pass 4 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 Dad case 6 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 4 cut obl 7 into into ADP _ 9 pieces case 8 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 pieces nummod 9 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 4 cut obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut past · passive Dad the cake 8 pieces vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent subject=Material into piece=Product
Example 10 We go to school by bus.
nsubj case obl case obl punct root We PRON go VERB to ADP school NOUN by ADP bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 go nsubj 2 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 school case 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 5 by by ADP _ 6 bus case 6 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present We school by bus vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 11 The plant grew by 3 centimetres this week.
det nsubj case nummod obl det obl:unmarked punct root The DET plant NOUN grew VERB by ADP 3 NUM centimetres NOUN this DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plant det 2 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 3 grew nsubj 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 centimetres case 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 centimetres nummod 6 centimetres centimetre NOUN Number=Plur 3 grew obl 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 week det 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 grew obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past the plant week by 3 centimetres vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by centimetre=Location
Example 12 Please hand in your homework by Friday.
discourse case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root Please INTJ hand VERB in ADP your PRON homework NOUN by ADP Friday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 hand discourse 2 hand hand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 homework case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 homework nmod:poss 5 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 2 hand obl 6 by by ADP _ 7 Friday case 7 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 2 hand obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hand imperative you not said here your homework friday vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 13 She sat by the fire to get warm.
nsubj case det obl mark advcl xcomp punct root She PRON sat VERB by ADP the DET fire NOUN to PART get VERB warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by ADP _ 5 fire case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fire det 5 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 6 to to PART _ 7 get mark 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sat advcl 8 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 get xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past She by the fire vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by fire=Location 2 get to-infinitive She not said here warm property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 14 I learned the poem by heart.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root I PRON learned VERB the DET poem NOUN by ADP heart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 poem det 4 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 heart case 6 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past I the poem by heart vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Topic
Example 15 The children came in one by one.
det nsubj case obl case nmod punct root The DET children NOUN came VERB in ADP one NUM by ADP one NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 one case 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 came obl 6 by by ADP _ 7 one case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 one nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the children in one by one vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in one=Location
Example 16 btw nan's stopping by at 5, set another plate
advmod nmod:poss case nsubj case case nmod punct det obj root btw ADV nan NOUN 's PART stopping NOUN by ADP at ADP 5 NUM , PUNCT set VERB another DET plate NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 btw btw ADV _ 4 stopping advmod 2 nan nan NOUN Number=Sing 4 stopping nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 nan case 4 stopping stopping NOUN Number=Sing 9 set nsubj 5 by by ADP _ 7 5 case 6 at at ADP _ 7 5 case 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 stopping nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 stopping punct 9 set set VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 another another DET PronType=Ind 11 plate det 11 plate plate NOUN Number=Sing 9 set obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set infinitive nan's stopping by 5 another plate vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient plate=Result
Example 17 Sorry, I took your pen by mistake.
discourse punct nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Sorry INTJ , PUNCT I PRON took VERB your PRON pen NOUN by ADP mistake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sorry sorry INTJ _ 4 took discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Sorry punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 took nsubj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 pen nmod:poss 6 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 by by ADP _ 8 mistake case 8 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past I your pen by mistake vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme
Example 18 The quantity is subsequently increased by a factor of 3; determine the resulting value.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl case nmod punct conj det amod obj punct root The DET quantity NOUN is AUX subsequently ADV increased VERB by ADP a DET factor NOUN of ADP 3 NUM ; PUNCT determine VERB the DET resulting VERB value NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 quantity det 2 quantity quantity NOUN Number=Sing 5 increased nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 increased aux:pass 4 subsequently subsequently ADV _ 5 increased advmod 5 increased increase VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 8 factor case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 factor det 8 factor factor NOUN Number=Sing 5 increased obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 3 case 10 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 factor nmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 determine punct 12 determine determine VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 increased conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 value det 14 resulting result VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 value amod 15 value value NOUN Number=Sing 12 determine obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 increased punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 increase present · passive a factor of 3 the quantity subsequently property vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer subject=Patient 2 determine infinitive a factor of 3 not said here the resulting value vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Topic 3 result gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 19 "No, sir, by design," returned Aladdin.
punct discourse punct nsubj punct case conj punct punct obj punct root " PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT by ADP design NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT returned VERB Aladdin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 2 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 4 sir discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 4 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 10 returned nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 design punct 6 by by ADP _ 7 design case 7 design design NOUN Number=Sing 4 sir conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 returned punct 10 returned return VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Aladdin Aladdin PROPN Number=Sing 10 returned obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 returned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 return past sir and design Aladdin vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aladdin=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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