doleful Who acts: they, you, he, puppy, Mock Turtle, Toad · What happens: look, sound, cause, take up, say, ruin · To what, where: sadness, parable, We, portion, doleful look, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«doleful» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: doleful in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Very sad and gloomy, looking or sounding miserable.
advmod cc conj punct parataxis cc conj xcomp punct root Very ADV sad ADJ and CCONJ gloomy ADJ , PUNCT looking VERB or CCONJ sounding VERB miserable ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 sad advmod 2 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 gloomy cc 4 gloomy gloomy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 sad conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 looking punct 6 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 sad parataxis 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 sounding cc 8 sounding sound VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 looking conj 9 miserable miserable ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sounding xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 sad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look gerund vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 sound gerund miserable property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Causing sadness: «doleful news».
obj punct punct amod obl punct punct root Causing VERB sadness NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT doleful ADJ news NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Causing cause VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 1 Causing obj 3 : : PUNCT _ 1 Causing punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 news punct 5 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 news amod 6 news news NOUN Number=Sing 1 Causing obl 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 news punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Causing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause gerund sadness doleful news obl vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sadness=Patient
Example 1 In that day shall they take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say: 'We are utterly ruined; he changeth the portion of my people; how doth he remove it from me! (Prophets MIC.2.4, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: In that day shall they take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say: 'We are utterly ruined; he changeth the portion of my people; how doth he remove it from me!
The tree, 37 words mark det obl:unmarked aux nsubj advcl compound:prt det obj case obl punct cc obj case det amod nmod punct cc punct punct nsubj aux:pass advmod ccomp punct nsubj parataxis det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod conj nsubj xcomp obj case obl punct root In SCONJ that DET day NOUN shall AUX they PRON take VERB up ADP a DET parable NOUN against ADP you PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ lament NOUN with ADP a DET doleful ADJ lamentation NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ say VERB : PUNCT ' PUNCT We PRON are AUX utterly ADV ruined VERB ; PUNCT he PRON changeth VERB the DET portion NOUN of ADP my PRON people NOUN ; PUNCT how ADV doth VERB he PRON remove VERB it PRON from ADP me PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 6 take mark 2 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 day det 3 day day NOUN Number=Sing 6 take obl:unmarked 4 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 take aux 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 take nsubj 6 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 say advcl 7 up up ADP _ 6 take compound:prt 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 parable det 9 parable parable NOUN Number=Sing 6 take obj 10 against against ADP _ 11 you case 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 take obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 lament punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 lament cc 14 lament lament NOUN Number=Sing 6 take obj 15 with with ADP _ 18 lamentation case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 lamentation det 17 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 18 lamentation amod 18 lamentation lamentation NOUN Number=Sing 14 lament nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 say punct 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 say cc 21 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 22 : : PUNCT _ 27 ruined punct 23 ' ' PUNCT _ 27 ruined punct 24 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 27 ruined nsubj 25 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 ruined aux:pass 26 utterly utterly ADV _ 27 ruined advmod 27 ruined ruin VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 say ccomp 28 ; ; PUNCT _ 30 changeth punct 29 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 changeth nsubj 30 changeth change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 say parataxis 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 portion det 32 portion portion NOUN Number=Sing 30 changeth obj 33 of of ADP _ 35 people case 34 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 35 people nmod:poss 35 people people NOUN Number=Plur 32 portion nmod 36 ; ; PUNCT _ 38 doth punct 37 how how ADV PronType=Int 38 doth advmod 38 doth do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 changeth conj 39 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 40 remove nsubj 40 remove remove VERB VerbForm=Inf 38 doth xcomp 41 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 40 remove obj 42 from from ADP _ 43 me case 43 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 40 remove obl 44 ! ! PUNCT _ 21 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take up shall they a parable day against you vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument parable=Theme lament=Destination 2 say speech: assert imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 ruin present · passive We utterly property vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 4 change present he the portion of my people vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Patient 5 do present he not said here tree rules 6 remove infinitive he portion from me vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from i=Source
Sentence 2: (Prophets MIC.2.4, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN MIC.2.4 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 MIC.2.4 MIC.2.4 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 MIC.2.4 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 MIC.2.4 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 The puppy gave me a doleful look.
det nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root The DET puppy NOUN gave VERB me PRON a DET doleful ADJ look NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 look det 6 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 look amod 7 look look NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the puppy a doleful look me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient look=Theme
Example 3 The Mock Turtle sang a doleful song.
det compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET Mock PROPN Turtle PROPN sang VERB a DET doleful ADJ song NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Turtle det 2 Mock Mock PROPN Number=Sing 3 Turtle compound 3 Turtle Turtle PROPN Number=Sing 4 sang nsubj 4 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 song det 6 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 song amod 7 song song NOUN Number=Sing 4 sang obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the Mock Turtle a doleful song vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
Example 4 Toad sat in his cell looking doleful.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl advcl xcomp punct root Toad PROPN sat VERB in ADP his PRON cell NOUN looking VERB doleful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 cell case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 cell nmod:poss 5 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 6 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 sat advcl 7 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 looking xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past Toad Toad's cell vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cell=Location 2 look gerund Toad not said here doleful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 A doleful bell rang across the valley.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET doleful ADJ bell NOUN rang VERB across ADP the DET valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bell det 2 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bell amod 3 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 4 rang nsubj 4 rang ring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 across across ADP _ 7 valley case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 valley det 7 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 4 rang obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 rang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ring past a doleful bell the valley vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 He told the doleful story of his lost kite.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root He PRON told VERB the DET doleful ADJ story NOUN of ADP his PRON lost VERB kite NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 told nsubj 2 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 story det 4 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 story amod 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 told obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 kite case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 kite nmod:poss 8 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 kite amod 9 kite kite NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past He the doleful story of his lost kite vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 kite his = he nom kite «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The rain made the day feel doleful.
det nsubj det obl:unmarked xcomp xcomp punct root The DET rain NOUN made VERB the DET day NOUN feel VERB doleful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl:unmarked 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 7 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the rain day tree rules 2 feel infinitive the rain not said here doleful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 8 It was really a doleful garden for a princess.
nsubj cop advmod det amod case det nmod punct root It PRON was AUX really ADV a DET doleful ADJ garden NOUN for ADP a DET princess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 garden nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 garden cop 3 really really ADV _ 6 garden advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 garden det 5 doleful doleful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 garden amod 6 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 princess case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 princess det 9 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 6 garden nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 garden punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a doleful garden for a princess tree rules
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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