figurative Who acts: heart, things, Judah, Kusari, Creator, space · What happens: use, make, be, show, recognise, entitle · To what, where: picture, mind, real people, abstract shapes, 16, book · Speech: someone speaks here
«figurative» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: figurative in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Used with a meaning different from the usual, word-for-word one, to make a picture in the mind: «a heart of gold» is figurative.
The tree, 25 words advcl case det obl amod case det amod punct obl punct case punct appos appos punct mark det obj case det obl punct punct det nsubj case nmod punct cop conj punct root Used VERB with ADP a DET meaning NOUN different ADJ from ADP the DET usual ADJ , PUNCT word NOUN - PUNCT for ADP - PUNCT word NOUN one NOUN , PUNCT to PART make VERB a DET picture NOUN in ADP the DET mind NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET heart NOUN of ADP gold NOUN » PUNCT is AUX figurative ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 make advcl 2 with with ADP _ 4 meaning case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 meaning det 4 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 1 Used obl 5 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 4 meaning amod 6 from from ADP _ 10 word case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 word det 8 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 10 word amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 usual punct 10 word word NOUN Number=Sing 5 different obl 11 - - PUNCT _ 14 word punct 12 for for ADP _ 14 word case 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 for punct 14 word word NOUN Number=Sing 10 word appos 15 one one NOUN Number=Sing 14 word appos 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 make punct 17 to to PART _ 18 make mark 18 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 picture det 20 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 18 make obj 21 in in ADP _ 23 mind case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 mind det 23 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 18 make obl 24 : : PUNCT _ 32 figurative punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 27 heart punct 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 heart det 27 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 32 figurative nsubj 28 of of ADP _ 29 gold case 29 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 27 heart nmod 30 » » PUNCT _ 27 heart punct 31 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 figurative cop 32 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 18 make conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 18 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle with a meaning vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make to-infinitive a picture the mind vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product 3 is present a heart of gold figurative property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: art — kept apart, not parsed.
Showing real people or things that you can recognise, not abstract shapes.
amod obj cc conj nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl punct advmod amod obj punct root Showing VERB real ADJ people NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN that PRON you PRON can AUX recognise VERB , PUNCT not PART abstract ADJ shapes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Showing show VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 1 Showing obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 things cc 5 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 people conj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 recognise nsubj 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 recognise nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 recognise aux 9 recognise recognise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 things acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 shapes punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 shapes advmod 12 abstract abstract ADJ Degree=Pos 13 shapes amod 13 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 9 recognise obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Showing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show gerund real people or things vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient 2 recognise can things abstract shapes vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shape=Stimulus
Example 1
Judah Halevi in his book entitled "Kusari," p. 456, illustrates it thus: The Creator is one, and the space has in the figurative expression six dimensions. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: 16) Judah Halevi in his book entitled "Kusari," p. 456, illustrates it thus: The Creator is one, and the space has in the figurative expression six dimensions.
The tree, 27 words obl punct nsubj flat case nmod:poss nmod punct nsubj punct punct nmod flat punct ccomp obj advmod punct det nsubj cop obl punct cc det nsubj conj case det amod obl nummod nmod punct root 16 NUM ) PUNCT Judah PROPN Halevi PROPN in ADP his PRON book NOUN entitled VERB " PUNCT Kusari PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT p. PROPN 456 NUM , PUNCT illustrates VERB it PRON thus ADV : PUNCT The DET Creator NOUN is AUX one NUM , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET space NOUN has VERB in ADP the DET figurative ADJ expression NOUN six NUM dimensions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 16 16 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 entitled obl 2 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 Judah punct 3 Judah Judah PROPN Number=Sing 8 entitled nsubj 4 Halevi Halevi PROPN Number=Sing 3 Judah flat 5 in in ADP _ 7 book case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 book nmod:poss 7 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 Judah nmod 8 entitled entitle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 Kusari punct 10 Kusari Kusari PROPN Number=Sing 16 illustrates nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 p. punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 13 p. punct 13 p. P. PROPN Number=Sing 10 Kusari nmod 14 456 456 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 p. flat 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 illustrates punct 16 illustrates illustrate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 entitled ccomp 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 illustrates obj 18 thus thus ADV _ 16 illustrates advmod 19 : : PUNCT _ 23 one punct 20 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 Creator det 21 Creator creator NOUN Number=Sing 23 one nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 one cop 23 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 entitled obl 24 , , PUNCT _ 28 has punct 25 and and CCONJ _ 28 has cc 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 space det 27 space space NOUN Number=Sing 28 has nsubj 28 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 entitled conj 29 in in ADP _ 32 expression case 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 expression det 31 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 32 expression amod 32 expression expression NOUN Number=Sing 28 has obl 33 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 34 dimensions nummod 34 dimensions dimension NOUN Number=Plur 32 expression nmod 35 . . PUNCT _ 8 entitled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 entitle past Judah in Judah's book 16 tree rules 2 illustrate present Kusari p. book thus property vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Destination 3 is a present the Creator one tree rules 4 have present the space the figurative expression six dimensions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 «It's raining cats and dogs» is figurative language.
punct nsubj aux csubj obj cc conj punct cop amod punct root « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX raining VERB cats NOUN and CCONJ dogs NOUN » PUNCT is AUX figurative ADJ language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 raining punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 raining nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 raining aux 4 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 language csubj 5 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 4 raining obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 dogs cc 7 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 5 cats conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 raining punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 language cop 10 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 11 language amod 11 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain in a quote present · progressive It cats and dogs tree rules 2 is a present raining figurative language tree rules
Example 3 Poets use figurative language to paint pictures with words.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl obj case obl punct root Poets NOUN use VERB figurative ADJ language NOUN to PART paint VERB pictures NOUN with ADP words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Poets poet NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 4 language amod 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 5 to to PART _ 6 paint mark 6 paint paint VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 7 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 6 paint obj 8 with with ADP _ 9 words case 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 paint obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Poets figurative language vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient 2 paint to-infinitive Poets not said here pictures with words vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent picture=Destination with word=Theme
Example 4 «He has a heart of stone» has a figurative meaning: he is unkind.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj csubj det obj case nmod punct det amod obj punct nsubj cop conj punct root « PUNCT He PRON has VERB a DET heart NOUN of ADP stone NOUN » PUNCT has VERB a DET figurative ADJ meaning NOUN : PUNCT he PRON is AUX unkind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 has punct 2 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 has csubj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 heart det 5 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 stone case 7 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 5 heart nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 3 has punct 9 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 meaning det 11 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 12 meaning amod 12 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 9 has obj 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 unkind punct 14 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 unkind nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 unkind cop 16 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 9 has conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote present He a heart of stone vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient 2 have present a figurative meaning vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient 3 is present he unkind property tree rules
Example 5 The teacher asked us to find three figurative phrases in the poem.
det nsubj iobj mark xcomp nummod amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN asked VERB us PRON to PART find VERB three NUM figurative ADJ phrases NOUN in ADP the DET poem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked iobj 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked xcomp 7 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 phrases nummod 8 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 9 phrases amod 9 phrases phrase NOUN Number=Plur 6 find obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 poem case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 poem det 12 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 9 phrases nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 find not said to happen to-infinitive the teacher not said here three figurative phrases the poem vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phrase=Topic
Example 6 She paints figurative pictures of people at the beach.
nsubj amod obj case nmod case det obl punct root She PRON paints VERB figurative ADJ pictures NOUN of ADP people NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 paints nsubj 2 paints paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pictures amod 4 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 2 paints obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 people case 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 pictures nmod 7 at at ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 paints obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 paints punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint present She figurative pictures of people the beach vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme at beach=Destination
Example 7 The figurative meaning of «break the ice» is to start a friendly chat.
The tree, 13 words det amod nsubj case punct acl det obj punct cop mark det amod obj punct root The DET figurative ADJ meaning NOUN of ADP « PUNCT break VERB the DET ice NOUN » PUNCT is AUX to PART start VERB a DET friendly ADJ chat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 meaning det 2 figurative figurative ADJ Degree=Pos 3 meaning amod 3 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 12 start nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 break case 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 break punct 6 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 meaning acl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ice det 8 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 6 break obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 6 break punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 start cop 11 to to PART _ 12 start mark 12 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 chat det 14 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 15 chat amod 15 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 12 start obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break in a quote infinitive the figurative meaning not said here the ice vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ice=Patient 2 is present the figurative meaning start property tree rules
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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