foolishness

Who acts: Foolishness, antithesis, wounds, My, prudent man, heart · What happens: be, think, mean, stop, fester, wound · To what, where: nonsense, foolishness, knowledge, way, river, wisdom · Speech: someone speaks here

«foolishness» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: foolishness in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Foolishness is silly or unwise behaviour or thinking, without good sense.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 silly	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 silly	cop
3	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 behaviour	cc
5	unwise	unwise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 behaviour	amod
6	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 silly	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 thinking	cc
8	thinking	think	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 silly	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 sense	punct
10	without	without	ADP	_	12 sense	case
11	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sense	amod
12	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 silly	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 silly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Foolishness					silly property	tree rules
2	think speech: other	gerund	Foolishness not said here						vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Foolishness can also mean nonsense: «Stop this foolishness!».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	also	also	ADV	_	4 mean	advmod
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 Stop	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 Stop	punct
8	Stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 mean	parataxis
9	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 foolishness	det
10	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Stop	obj
11	!	!	PUNCT	_	8 Stop	punct
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 Stop	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can	Foolishness	nonsense					tree rules
2	stop in a quote	infinitive		this foolishness					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality foolishness=Eventuality

Example 1

The antithesis of wisdom is foolishness; of wealth, poverty; of fruitfulness, childlessness; of life, death; of dominion, dependence; of peace, war; and of beauty, ugliness. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

Sentence 1: The antithesis of wisdom is foolishness; of wealth, poverty; of fruitfulness, childlessness; of life, death; of dominion, dependence; of peace, war; and of beauty, ugliness.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 antithesis	det
2	antithesis	antithesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 wisdom	case
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 antithesis	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 foolishness	cop
6	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 wealth	punct
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 wealth	case
9	wealth	wealth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 poverty	punct
11	poverty	poverty	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wealth	conj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 fruitfulness	punct
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 fruitfulness	case
14	fruitfulness	fruitfulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 childlessness	punct
16	childlessness	childlessness	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fruitfulness	conj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 life	punct
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 life	case
19	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 death	punct
21	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 life	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 dominion	punct
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 dominion	case
24	dominion	dominion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 dependence	punct
26	dependence	dependence	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 dominion	conj
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 peace	punct
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 peace	case
29	peace	peace	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 war	punct
31	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 peace	conj
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 ugliness	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 ugliness	cc
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 beauty	case
35	beauty	beauty	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 ugliness	compound
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 beauty	punct
37	ugliness	ugliness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foolishness	conj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 foolishness	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the antithesis of wisdom	foolishness and fruitfulness and childlessness and life and death and dominion and dependence and peace and war and beauty ugliness					tree rules

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Kalisch	punct
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1877	1877	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Kalisch	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

My wounds are noisome, they fester, because of my foolishness. (Writings PSA.38.6, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: My wounds are noisome, they fester, because of my foolishness.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 wounds	nmod:poss
2	wounds	wound	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 noisome	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noisome	cop
4	noisome	noisome	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fester	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 fester	nsubj
7	fester	fester	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noisome	parataxis
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 foolishness	punct
9	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	12 foolishness	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 because	fixed
11	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 foolishness	nmod:poss
12	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fester	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 noisome	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	My wounds	noisome property	tree rules
2	fester	present	wounds = wound		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	wound		My		nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.38.6, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.38.6	PSA.38.6	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.38.6	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.38.6	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness. (Writings PRO.12.23, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 man	det
2	prudent	prudent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 man	amod
3	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concealeth	nsubj
4	concealeth	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concealeth	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 proclaimeth	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 proclaimeth	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 heart	det
9	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 proclaimeth	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 fools	case
11	fools	fool	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 heart	nmod
12	proclaimeth	proclaim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 concealeth	conj
13	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 proclaimeth	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 concealeth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	present	a prudent man	knowledge					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient
2	proclaim	present	the heart of fools	foolishness					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foolishness=Theme

Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.12.23, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PRO.12.23	PRO.12.23	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PRO.12.23	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PRO.12.23	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

The foolishness of man perverteth his way; and his heart fretteth against the LORD. (Writings PRO.19.3, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: The foolishness of man perverteth his way; and his heart fretteth against the LORD.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 foolishness	det
2	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 perverteth	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 man	case
4	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 foolishness	nmod
5	perverteth	pervert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 way	nmod:poss
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 perverteth	obj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 fretteth	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 fretteth	cc
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 heart	nmod:poss
11	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fretteth	nsubj
12	fretteth	fret	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 perverteth	conj
13	against	against	ADP	_	15 LORD	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 LORD	det
15	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 fretteth	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 perverteth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pervert	present	the foolishness of man	foolishness's way					tree rules
2	fret	present	foolishness's heart					against the LORD	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.19.3, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PRO.19.3	PRO.19.3	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PRO.19.3	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PRO.19.3	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

It was foolishness to swim in the river alone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 foolishness	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 foolishness	cop
3	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 swim	mark
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 foolishness	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 river	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swim	obl
9	alone	alone	ADV	_	5 swim	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 foolishness	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	foolishness					tree rules
2	swim	to-infinitive				the river		alone property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Trajectory

Example 6

«Enough of this foolishness!» said the teacher.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Enough	punct
2	Enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 said	ccomp
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 foolishness	case
4	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 foolishness	det
5	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Enough	obl
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Enough	punct
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Enough	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 teacher	det
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 7

The fable shows the foolishness of the greedy dog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fable	det
2	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 foolishness	det
5	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 dog	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dog	det
8	greedy	greedy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 dog	amod
9	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 foolishness	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the fable	the foolishness of the greedy dog					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent foolishness=Recipient

Example 8

The Bible compares wisdom with foolishness.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Bible	det
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 compares	nsubj
3	compares	compare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 compares	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 foolishness	case
6	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 compares	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 compares	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compare	present	the Bible	wisdom				with foolishness	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent wisdom=Patient with foolishness=Co-Patient

Example 9

He regretted his foolishness later.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 regretted	nsubj
2	regretted	regret	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 foolishness	nmod:poss
4	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 regretted	obj
5	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 regretted	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 regretted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	regret	past	He	his foolishness				late property	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer foolishness=Stimulus

Example 10

Running across the road without looking is pure foolishness.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 foolishness	csubj
2	across	across	ADP	_	4 road	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 road	det
4	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Running	obl
5	without	without	SCONJ	_	6 looking	mark
6	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Running	advcl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 foolishness	cop
8	pure	pure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 foolishness	amod
9	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 foolishness	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	run	gerund			the road	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across road=Trajectory
2	look	gerund				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	is a	present	Running	pure foolishness		tree rules

Example 11

"What foolishness," cried one, "to walk when they might as well ride.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 foolishness	punct
2	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 foolishness	nsubj
3	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cried	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 foolishness	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 foolishness	punct
6	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 cried	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 walk	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 walk	punct
10	to	to	PART	_	11 walk	mark
11	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 cried	conj
12	when	when	SCONJ	_	17 ride	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 ride	nsubj
14	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 ride	aux
15	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	17 ride	cc
16	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 as	fixed
17	ride	ride	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 walk	advcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 cried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	foolishness in a quote				tree rules
2	cry speech: express	past	foolishness	one	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic
3	walk in a quote	to-infinitive	foolishness not said here		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	ride in a quote	might	they		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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