infinitive

Who acts: bare infinitive, HVI, imperative form, HIV, VIH, I · What happens: run, be, eat, have, form, mean · To what, where: no, verb, imperative form, HVI, infinitive, swim infinitive

«infinitive» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: infinitive in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

The basic form of a verb, often with to in front: to run, to be, to eat; the bare infinitive has no to: run, be, eat.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 form	det
2	basic	basic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 form	amod
3	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 verb	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 verb	det
6	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 form	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 front	punct
8	often	often	ADV	_	12 front	advmod
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 front	case
10	to	to	ADP	_	9 with	fixed
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 front	case
12	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 verb	nmod
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 run	punct
14	to	to	PART	_	15 run	mark
15	run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 form	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 be	punct
17	to	to	PART	_	18 be	mark
18	be	be	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	15 run	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 eat	punct
20	to	to	PART	_	21 eat	mark
21	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	15 run	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 has	punct
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 infinitive	det
24	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 infinitive	amod
25	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 has	nsubj
26	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 run	parataxis
27	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	26 has	obj
28	to	to	ADP	_	26 has	advmod
29	:	:	PUNCT	_	30 run	punct
30	run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	26 has	parataxis
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 be	punct
32	be	be	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	30 run	conj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 eat	punct
34	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	30 run	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	run	to-infinitive			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	be	to-infinitive			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	eat	to-infinitive			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	have	present	the bare infinitive	no	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent no=Patient
5	run	infinitive			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	be	infinitive			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	eat	infinitive			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	form			a verb with front	nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

HVI is the imperative form of the verb to he, meaning he thou; HIV is the infinitive; and VIH is future. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: HVI is the imperative form of the verb to he, meaning he thou; HIV is the infinitive; and VIH is future.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	HVI	HVI	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 form	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 form	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 form	det
4	imperative	imperative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 form	amod
5	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 verb	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 verb	det
8	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 form	nmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 he	case
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 verb	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 meaning	punct
12	meaning	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 form	acl
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 meaning	obj
14	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	13 he	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 infinitive	punct
16	HIV	HIV	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 infinitive	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 infinitive	cop
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 infinitive	det
19	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 form	conj
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 future	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 future	cc
22	VIH	VIH	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 future	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 future	cop
24	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 form	conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	HVI	the imperative form and the infinitive	of the verb to he	tree rules
2	mean	gerund	the imperative form and the infinitive not said here	HVI		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic
3	is a	present	HIV	the infinitive		tree rules
4	is	present	VIH		future property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

To swim is an infinitive.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 swim	mark
2	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 infinitive	compound
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 infinitive	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 infinitive	det
5	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 infinitive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	to-infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present		a swim infinitive					tree rules

Example 3

I want to go home: to go is an infinitive.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 go	mark
4	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp
5	home	home	ADV	_	4 go	advmod
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 go	punct
7	to	to	PART	_	8 go	mark
8	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 infinitive	compound
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 infinitive	cop
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 infinitive	det
11	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 want	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 want	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	want	present	I			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	go not said to happen	to-infinitive	I not said here		home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	go	to-infinitive				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is a not said to happen	present	I not said here	a go infinitive		tree rules

Example 4

In French, aller is the infinitive meaning to go.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 French	case
2	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 meaning	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 aller	punct
4	aller	all	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 French	conj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 meaning	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 meaning	det
7	infinitive	infinitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 meaning	amod
8	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 go	mark
10	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 meaning	acl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 meaning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the infinitive meaning		French			tree rules
2	go	to-infinitive							vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

A split infinitive puts a word between to and the verb: to boldly go.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 infinitive	det
2	split	split	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 infinitive	amod
3	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 puts	nsubj
4	puts	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 puts	obj
7	between	between	ADP	_	11 verb	case
8	to	to	ADP	_	7 between	fixed
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 verb	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 verb	det
11	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 word	nmod
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 go	punct
13	to	to	PART	_	15 go	mark
14	boldly	boldly	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 go	advmod
15	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 puts	parataxis
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 puts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	present	a split infinitive	a word		the verb			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme between verb=Destination
2	go	to-infinitive						boldly property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 6

Can and must are followed by the bare infinitive: I can swim.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 followed	aux
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 followed	cc
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 followed	aux
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 followed	aux:pass
5	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 infinitive	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 infinitive	det
8	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 infinitive	amod
9	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 followed	obl
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 swim	punct
11	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 swim	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 swim	aux
13	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 followed	parataxis
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 followed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	must · passive	the bare infinitive						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swim	can	I						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 7

Look up a verb in the dictionary by its infinitive.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Look	compound:prt
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 dictionary	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dictionary	det
7	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 infinitive	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 infinitive	nmod:poss
10	infinitive	infinitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look up	imperative	you not said here	a verb		the dictionary		by dictionary's infinitive	vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme verb=Attribute

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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