jackal

Who acts: jackal, small thin dog, sneaky person, others, I, Babylon · What happens: be, live, eat, mean, take, work · To what, where: wild animal, Africa, small animals, sneaky person, advantage, brother · Speech: someone speaks here

«jackal» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: jackal in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A jackal is a wild animal like a small, thin dog that lives in Africa and Asia and eats small animals and leftovers from other hunters.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jackal	det
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animal	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 animal	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 animal	det
5	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animal	amod
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	12 dog	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 dog	det
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 dog	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 small	punct
11	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 dog	amod
12	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animal	nmod
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 lives	nsubj
14	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 dog	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Africa	case
16	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 lives	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 Asia	cc
18	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Africa	conj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 eats	cc
20	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 lives	conj
21	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 animals	amod
22	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 eats	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 leftovers	cc
24	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 animals	conj
25	from	from	ADP	_	27 hunters	case
26	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 hunters	amod
27	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 leftovers	nmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 animal	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a jackal	a wild animal		like a small thin dog	tree rules
2	live	present	a small thin dog		Africa and Asia		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location
3	eat	present	a small thin dog not said here	small animals and leftovers from other hunters			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

A jackal can mean a sneaky person who takes advantage of others' work or misfortune.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jackal	det
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
6	sneaky	sneaky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 person	amod
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	obj
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 takes	nsubj
9	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 person	acl:relcl
10	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 takes	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 work	case
12	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 work	nmod:poss
13	'	's	PART	_	12 others	case
14	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 advantage	nmod
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 misfortune	cc
16	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 work	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	can	a jackal	a sneaky person	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic
2	take	present	a sneaky person	advantage of others's work or misfortune	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme
3	work		others		nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 1

I am become a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches. (Writings JOB.30.29, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: I am become a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 become	nsubj
2	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 become	aux
3	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 brother	det
5	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 become	xcomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 jackals	case
7	jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 brother	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 companion	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 companion	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 companion	det
11	companion	companion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 brother	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 ostriches	case
13	ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 companion	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 become	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	I	a brother to jackals and a companion to ostriches					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.30.29, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JOB.30.29	JOB.30.29	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JOB.30.29	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JOB.30.29	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant. (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 become	cc
2	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 become	nsubj
3	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 become	aux
4	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	heaps	heap	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 become	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 place	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 place	det
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 place	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 dwelling	punct
10	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heaps	nmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 jackals	case
12	jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 place	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 astonishment	punct
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 astonishment	det
15	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 jackals	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 hissing	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 hissing	cc
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 hissing	det
19	hissing	hissing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heaps	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 inhabitant	punct
21	without	without	ADP	_	22 inhabitant	case
22	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heaps	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 become	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	shall	Babylon	heaps a dwelling place for jackals and a astonishment and a hissing and inhabitant					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JER.51.37	JER.51.37	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JER.51.37	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JER.51.37	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death. (Writings PSA.44.20, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Though	though	SCONJ	_	4 crushed	mark
2	Thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 crushed	nsubj:pass
3	hast	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 crushed	aux
4	crushed	crush	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 crushed	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 place	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 place	det
8	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crushed	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 jackals	case
10	jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 place	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 covered	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 covered	cc
13	covered	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 crushed	conj
14	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 covered	obj
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 shadow	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 shadow	det
17	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 covered	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 death	case
19	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shadow	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crushed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	crush	present · perfect · passive	Thou		a place of jackals		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer we=Result
2	cover	past		us		with the shadow of death	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent we=Destination with shadow=Theme
3	shadow		death				nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.44.20, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.44.20	PSA.44.20	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.44.20	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.44.20	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

A jackal crept towards the leftover meat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jackal	det
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crept	nsubj
3	crept	creep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 meat	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 meat	det
6	leftover	leftover	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 meat	compound
7	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crept	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	creep	past	a jackal			the leftover meat			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards meat=Destination

Example 5

Jackals howl at night on the savanna.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 howl	nsubj
2	howl	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 night	case
4	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 howl	obl
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 savanna	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 savanna	det
7	savanna	savanna	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 howl	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 howl	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	howl	present	Jackals			the savanna	night		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on savanna=Location

Example 6

Anubis, the Egyptian god, had a jackal's head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Anubis	anubis	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 god	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 god	det
4	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 god	amod
5	god	god	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Anubis	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Anubis	punct
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 jackal	det
9	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 head	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 jackal	case
11	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Anubis	a jackal's head					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient

Example 7

The jackal is a cousin of the dog and the wolf.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 jackal	det
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cousin	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cousin	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cousin	det
5	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 dog	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dog	det
8	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cousin	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 wolf	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wolf	det
11	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dog	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cousin	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the jackal	a cousin				of the dog and the wolf	tree rules

Example 8

In the fable, the clever jackal tricks the lion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 fable	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fable	det
3	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tricks	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 fable	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 jackal	det
6	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 jackal	amod
7	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tricks	nsubj
8	tricks	trick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lion	det
10	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tricks	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 tricks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trick	present	the clever jackal	the lion		the fable			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient

Example 9

Jackals live in pairs and raise their pups together.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 live	nsubj
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 pairs	case
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 live	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 raise	cc
6	raise	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 live	conj
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 pups	nmod:poss
8	pups	pup	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 raise	obj
9	together	together	ADV	_	6 raise	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Jackals			pairs			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location
2	raise	present	Jackals not said here	Jackals's pups				together property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pup=Theme

Example 10

We heard jackals calling in the dark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 heard	nsubj
2	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	jackals	jackal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 heard	obj
4	calling	call	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 jackals	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 dark	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dark	det
7	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calling	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	We	jackals					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer jackal=Stimulus
2	call	gerund	jackals not said here			the dark			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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