lung

Who acts: lungs, you, We, ribs, Smoking, Fish · What happens: be, breathe, take, let out, have, fill · To what, where: two organs, chest, that, oxygen, air, carbon dioxide

«lung» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lung in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

The lungs are the two organs inside your chest that you breathe with; they take oxygen from the air into your blood and let carbon dioxide out.

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lungs	det
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 organs	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 organs	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 organs	det
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 organs	nummod
6	organs	organ	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	inside	inside	ADP	_	9 chest	case
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 chest	nmod:poss
9	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 organs	nmod
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 breathe	obj
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 breathe	nsubj
12	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 organs	parataxis
13	with	with	ADP	_	12 breathe	case
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 take	punct
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 take	nsubj
16	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 organs	parataxis
17	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 take	obj
18	from	from	ADP	_	20 air	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 air	det
20	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 take	obl
21	into	into	ADP	_	23 blood	case
22	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 blood	nmod:poss
23	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 take	obl
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 let	cc
25	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	16 take	conj
26	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 dioxide	compound
27	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 let	obj
28	out	out	ADP	_	25 let	compound:prt
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 organs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the lungs	the two organs	your chest		tree rules
2	breathe	present	you	that			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
3	take	present	lungs = lung	oxygen	the air	into your blood	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from air=Initial_Location
4	let out	infinitive	lungs = lung not said here	carbon dioxide			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

the lungs for breathing air) in Man: the male with A.M.S., the female with S.M.A. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: the lungs for breathing air) in Man: the male with A.M.S., the female with S.M.A.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lungs	det
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 male	nsubj
3	for	for	SCONJ	_	4 breathing	mark
4	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 lungs	acl
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breathing	obj
6	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 air	punct
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 Man	case
8	Man	Man	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 breathing	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 male	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 male	det
11	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 A.M.S	case
13	A.M.S	A.M.S	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 male	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 male	punct
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 female	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 female	det
17	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 male	appos
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 S.M.A	case
19	S.M.A	S.M.A	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 female	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 male	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	gerund	the lungs not said here	air				in Man	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

We have two lungs in our chest.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 lungs	nummod
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 chest	case
6	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 chest	nmod:poss
7	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lungs	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	We	two lungs		our chest			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient

Example 3

Your lungs fill with air when you breathe in.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 lungs	nmod:poss
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fill	nsubj
3	fill	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 air	case
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fill	obl
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 breathe	mark
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 breathe	nsubj
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fill	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	8 breathe	compound:prt
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present	Your lungs					with air	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with air=Instrument
2	breathe in	present	you						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 4

The ribs protect the heart and lungs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ribs	det
2	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protect	nsubj
3	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 heart	det
5	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protect	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 lungs	cc
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 heart	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 protect	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	the ribs	the heart and lungs					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Beneficiary

Example 5

Smoking harms your lungs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smoking	smoking	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 harms	nsubj
2	harms	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 lungs	nmod:poss
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 harms	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 harms	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harm	present	Smoking	your lungs					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer

Example 6

Running makes your lungs work hard.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 lungs	nmod:poss
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 work	nsubj
5	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	ccomp
6	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 work	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	run	gerund			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present			tree rules
3	work	present	your lungs	hard property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

Fish use gills instead of lungs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
4	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	6 lungs	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	4 instead	fixed
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Fish	gills				instead lungs	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient

Example 8

She shouted at the top of her lungs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shouted	nsubj
2	shouted	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 top	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 top	det
5	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shouted	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 lungs	nmod:poss
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 top	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 shouted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	past	She			the top of her lungs			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 9

Smoke from fires is bad for the lungs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bad	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 fires	case
3	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Smoke	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bad	cop
5	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lungs	det
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bad	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 bad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Smoke from fires					for the lungs; bad property	tree rules

Example 10

This resulted in inflammation of the lungs, which rapidly increased.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 resulted	nsubj
2	resulted	result	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 inflammation	case
4	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resulted	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 lungs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lungs	det
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 inflammation	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 increased	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 increased	nsubj
10	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	11 increased	advmod
11	increased	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 inflammation	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 resulted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	result	participle	This		inflammation of the lungs		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in inflammation=Location
2	increase	past	inflammation of the lungs			rapidly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	inflame			the lungs			nom inflammation «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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