orthography

Who acts: Orthography, letters, I, views, my, they · What happens: be, write, stand, sound, teach, not be · To what, where: system, language, rules, correct spelling, Hebrew orthography, Avith · Speech: someone speaks here

«orthography» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: orthography in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Orthography is the system of spelling and writing a language: which letters stand for which sounds, and rules for capital letters, hyphens and punctuation.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 system	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 system	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 system	det
4	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 spelling	case
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 system	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 writing	cc
8	writing	write	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 system	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 language	det
10	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 writing	obj
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 stand	punct
12	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	13 letters	det
13	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 stand	nsubj
14	stand	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 system	parataxis
15	for	for	SCONJ	_	17 sounds	mark
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 sounds	nsubj
17	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 stand	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 rules	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 rules	cc
20	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 stand	obl
21	for	for	ADP	_	23 letters	case
22	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 letters	compound
23	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 rules	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hyphens	punct
25	hyphens	hyphen	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 letters	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 punctuation	cc
27	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 letters	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 system	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Orthography	the system	of spelling	tree rules
2	write	gerund	Orthography not said here	a language		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Theme
3	stand	present	which letters	rules for capital letters and hyphens and punctuation		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	sound	present				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Orthography is correct spelling.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spelling	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 spelling	cop
3	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 spelling	amod
4	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 spelling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Orthography	correct spelling					tree rules

Example 1

For the Hebrew orthography which has been and is still taught, is not Hebrew but Arabic. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: For the Hebrew orthography which has been and is still taught, is not Hebrew but Arabic.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	ADP	_	4 orthography	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 orthography	det
3	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 orthography	amod
4	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 Hebrew	obl
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 taught	obj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 taught	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 taught	aux:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 taught	cc
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 taught	aux:pass
10	still	still	ADV	_	11 taught	advmod
11	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 orthography	acl:relcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 orthography	punct
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 Hebrew	cop
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 Hebrew	advmod
15	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 Arabic	cc
17	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Hebrew	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 Hebrew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present · perfect · passive		the Hebrew orthography			still		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: which=Recipient
2	not is	present						for the Hebrew orthography; hebrew property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 2

Finding that my views on Hebrew orthography harmonized Avith those of the Sefer Yetzirah, I made an exhaustive study of it. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Finding that my views on Hebrew orthography harmonized Avith those of the Sefer Yetzirah, I made an exhaustive study of it.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Finding	find	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 made	advcl
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 harmonized	mark
3	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 views	nmod:poss
4	views	view	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 harmonized	nsubj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 orthography	case
6	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 orthography	amod
7	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 views	nmod
8	harmonized	harmonize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Finding	ccomp
9	Avith	Avith	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 harmonized	obj
10	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 harmonized	obl:agent
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 Yetzirah	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Yetzirah	det
13	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Yetzirah	compound
14	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 those	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Finding	punct
16	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 made	nsubj
17	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 study	det
19	exhaustive	exhaustive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 study	amod
20	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 made	obj
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 it	case
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 study	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	find	gerund	I not said here			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	harmonize	participle	my views on Hebrew orthography	Avith		vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent avith=Patient
3	make	past	I	a exhaustive study of study		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent study=Product
4	view		my		Hebrew orthography	nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent on=place
5	study			study		nom study «act transitive»: of=patient

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 3

The reason why they have remained so long an unsolved problem is partly due to a lack of knowledge of Hebrew orthography, on which the Sefer Yetzirah is based. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: The reason why they have remained so long an unsolved problem is partly due to a lack of knowledge of Hebrew orthography, on which the Sefer Yetzirah is based.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reason	det
2	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lack	nsubj
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 remained	advmod
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 remained	nsubj
5	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 remained	aux
6	remained	remain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 reason	acl
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 long	advmod
8	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 problem	advmod
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 problem	det
10	unsolved	unsolved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 problem	amod
11	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 remained	obl
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 lack	cop
13	partly	partly	ADV	_	17 lack	advmod
14	due	due	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	17 lack	case
15	to	to	ADP	_	14 due	fixed
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 lack	det
17	lack	lack	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 knowledge	case
19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lack	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 orthography	case
21	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 orthography	amod
22	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 knowledge	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 based	punct
24	on	on	ADP	_	25 which	case
25	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	30 based	obl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 Yetzirah	det
27	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 Yetzirah	compound
28	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 based	nsubj:pass
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 based	aux:pass
30	based	base	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 lack	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 lack	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	remain	present · perfect	they	a unsolved problem			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the reason			due a lack; of knowledge of Hebrew orthography; partly property	tree rules
3	base	present · passive		the Sefer Yetzirah	a lack		vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on which=Source

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 4

English orthography has many silent letters, like the «k» in «knee».

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 orthography	amod
2	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 letters	amod
5	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 letters	amod
6	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 k	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	11 k	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 k	det
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 k	punct
11	k	k	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 letters	appos
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 k	punct
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 knee	case
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 knee	punct
15	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 k	nmod
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 k	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	English orthography	many silent letters					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient

Example 5

Spanish orthography is more regular than English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 orthography	amod
2	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 regular	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 regular	cop
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 regular	advmod
5	regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 English	case
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 regular	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 regular	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Spanish orthography					than English; regular property	tree rules

Example 6

The orthography of Ukrainian uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 orthography	det
2	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 uses	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Ukrainian	case
4	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 orthography	nmod
5	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 alphabet	det
7	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 alphabet	amod
8	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 uses	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	the orthography of Ukrainian	the Cyrillic alphabet					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alphabet=Patient

Example 7

Noah Webster changed American orthography, writing «color» instead of «colour».

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Webster	compound
2	Webster	webster	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	nsubj
3	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 orthography	amod
5	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 writing	punct
7	writing	write	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 changed	advcl
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 color	punct
9	color	color	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 writing	obj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 color	punct
11	instead	instead	ADV	_	14 colour	advmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 colour	case
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 colour	punct
14	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 writing	obl
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 colour	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 changed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past	Noah Webster	American orthography					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orthography=Patient
2	write	gerund	Noah Webster not said here	color				of colour	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent color=Theme

Example 8

Learning orthography means learning the spelling rules.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	csubj
2	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Learning	obj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rules	det
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rules	compound
7	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learning	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	learn	gerund		orthography	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orthography=Topic
2	mean	present	Learning		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	learn not said to happen	gerund	Learning not said here	the spelling rules	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic

Example 9

Old books show a different orthography, like «olde shoppe».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 books	amod
2	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	nsubj
3	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 orthography	det
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 orthography	amod
6	orthography	orthography	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 show	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 shoppe	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	11 shoppe	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 shoppe	punct
10	olde	olde	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shoppe	compound
11	shoppe	shoppe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 orthography	appos
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 shoppe	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Old books	a different orthography					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent orthography=Recipient

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/orthography/