predecessor

Who acts: predecessor, person, thing, work, I, new head teacher · What happens: be, have, come, replace, model, add · To what, where: person, job, thing, phone, least, great many mistakes

«predecessor» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: predecessor in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A predecessor is the person who had a job or position before someone else.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 predecessor	det
2	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 person	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 had	nsubj
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 person	acl:relcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 job	det
9	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 position	cc
11	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 job	conj
12	before	before	ADP	_	13 someone	case
13	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 had	obl
14	else	else	ADV	_	13 someone	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a predecessor	the person					tree rules
2	have	past	the person	a job or position			before someone		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A predecessor is a thing that came before another thing and was replaced by it, like an older model of a phone.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 predecessor	det
2	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 thing	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 came	nsubj
7	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 thing	acl:relcl
8	before	before	ADV	_	7 came	advmod
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	10 thing	det
10	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 came	obl:unmarked
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 replaced	cc
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 replaced	aux:pass
13	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 came	conj
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 it	case
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 replaced	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 model	punct
17	like	like	ADP	_	20 model	case
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 model	det
19	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 model	amod
20	model	model	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 replaced	parataxis
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 phone	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 phone	det
23	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 model	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 thing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a predecessor	a thing		tree rules
2	come	past	a thing	another thing	before property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	replace	past · passive	a thing not said here		by predecessor	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»
4	model			a phone		nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

This work then, or a similar predecessor, is at least as old as a.d. 200. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: This work then, or a similar predecessor, is at least as old as a.d.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 work	det
2	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 old	nsubj
3	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 work	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 predecessor	punct
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 predecessor	cc
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 predecessor	det
7	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 predecessor	amod
8	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 work	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 work	punct
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 old	cop
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 least	case
12	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	14 old	obl
13	as	as	ADV	_	14 old	advmod
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
15	as	as	ADP	_	16 a.d	case
16	a.d	a.d	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 old	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 old	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this work or a similar predecessor			least		as a.d; old property	tree rules

Sentence 2: 200.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
2	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 200	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

This work then, or a similar predecessor, is at least as old as A.D. 200. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: This work then, or a similar predecessor, is at least as old as A.D.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 work	det
2	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 old	nsubj
3	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 work	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 predecessor	punct
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 predecessor	cc
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 predecessor	det
7	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 predecessor	amod
8	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 work	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 work	punct
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 old	cop
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 least	case
12	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	14 old	obl
13	as	as	ADV	_	14 old	advmod
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
15	as	as	ADP	_	16 A.D	case
16	A.D	A.D	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 old	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 old	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this work or a similar predecessor			least		as A.D; old property	tree rules

Sentence 2: 200.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
2	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 200	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Again, I have to add that I have not only endeavored to correct a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors, but I have also endeavored to give more complete annotations. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

Sentence 1: Again, I have to add that I have not only endeavored to correct a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors, but I have also endeavored to give more complete annotations.

The tree, 33 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Again	again	ADV	_	4 have	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Again	punct
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 add	mark
6	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 have	xcomp
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 endeavored	mark
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 endeavored	nsubj
9	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 endeavored	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 endeavored	advmod
11	only	only	ADV	_	12 endeavored	advmod
12	endeavored	endeavor	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 add	advcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 correct	mark
14	correct	correct	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 endeavored	xcomp
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 mistakes	det
16	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 mistakes	amod
17	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 mistakes	amod
18	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 correct	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 ideas	cc
20	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 ideas	amod
21	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 mistakes	conj
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 predecessors	case
23	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 predecessors	nmod:poss
24	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 ideas	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 endeavored	punct
26	but	but	CCONJ	_	30 endeavored	cc
27	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 endeavored	nsubj
28	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 endeavored	aux
29	also	also	ADV	_	30 endeavored	advmod
30	endeavored	endeavor	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 endeavored	conj
31	to	to	PART	_	32 give	mark
32	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 endeavored	xcomp
33	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	34 complete	advmod
34	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 annotations	amod
35	annotations	annotation	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 give	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	have	present	I		again	tree rules
2	add speech: assert	to-infinitive	I not said here			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	not endeavor	present · perfect	I			tree rules
4	correct speech: disagree	to-infinitive	I not said here	a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors		vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient
5	endeavor	present · perfect	I			tree rules
6	give	to-infinitive	I not said here	complete annotations		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent annotation=Theme

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Kalisch	punct
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1877	1877	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Kalisch	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

The new head teacher is stricter than her predecessor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 teacher	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 teacher	amod
3	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 teacher	compound
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stricter	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stricter	cop
6	stricter	strict	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 predecessor	case
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 predecessor	nmod:poss
9	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stricter	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 stricter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the new head teacher					than teacher's predecessor; strict property	tree rules

Example 5

This phone is faster than its predecessor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 phone	det
2	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 faster	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 faster	cop
4	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 predecessor	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 predecessor	nmod:poss
7	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 faster	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 faster	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this phone					than phone's predecessor; fast property	tree rules

Example 6

The king's predecessor was his uncle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 king	det
2	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 predecessor	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 king	case
4	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 uncle	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 uncle	cop
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 uncle	nmod:poss
7	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 uncle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the king's predecessor	king's uncle					tree rules

Example 7

The predecessor of 100 is 99.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 predecessor	det
2	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 99	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 100	case
4	100	100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 predecessor	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 99	cop
6	99	99	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 99	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the predecessor of 100	99					tree rules

Example 8

Write the predecessor of each number.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 predecessor	det
3	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 number	case
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 number	det
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 predecessor	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	imperative	you not said here	the predecessor of each number					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predecessor=Theme

Example 9

The new bridge is much wider than its predecessor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bridge	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bridge	amod
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wider	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 wider	cop
5	much	much	ADV	_	6 wider	advmod
6	wider	wide	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 predecessor	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 predecessor	nmod:poss
9	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wider	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 wider	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the new bridge					than bridge's predecessor; wide property	tree rules

Example 10

I saw him, last winter, make your predecessor run, and his predecessor before him.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 saw	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 winter	punct
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 winter	amod
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 make	punct
8	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 saw	conj
9	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 predecessor	nmod:poss
10	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 run	nsubj
11	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 make	ccomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 predecessor	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 predecessor	cc
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 predecessor	nmod:poss
15	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	conj
16	before	before	ADP	_	17 him	case
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 predecessor	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	see	past	I	him = he	winter	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
2	make	infinitive	I not said here			tree rules
3	run	present	your predecessor			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/predecessor/