preferred Who acts: reading, My, I, Most pupils, She, 30 pupils · What happens: prefer, mean, like, choose, want, not require · To what, where: liked one thing, one, job advert, Certain translators, otyot yesod, manuscript · Speech: someone speaks here
«preferred» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: preferred in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Preferred means liked one thing more than another.
nsubj amod nummod obj obj case obl punct root Preferred VERB means VERB liked VERB one NUM thing NOUN more ADJ than ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 liked like VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 thing amod 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 thing nummod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means obj 7 than than ADP _ 8 another case 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 more obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer participle vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present liked one thing tree rules 3 like participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As an adjective, preferred means the one that is chosen or liked best.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct csubj det obj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj parataxis punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT preferred VERB means VERB the DET one NOUN that PRON is AUX chosen VERB or CCONJ liked VERB best ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 5 preferred obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 means csubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 one det 8 one one NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 chosen nsubj:pass 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 chosen aux:pass 11 chosen choose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 one acl:relcl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 liked cc 13 liked like VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 chosen conj 14 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 13 liked parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer participle as a adjective vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present the one vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic 3 choose present · passive the one vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 4 like participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
In a job advert, «preferred» means wanted but not required.
case det compound obl punct punct nsubj punct ccomp cc advmod conj punct root In ADP a DET job NOUN advert NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT preferred VERB » PUNCT means VERB wanted VERB but CCONJ not PART required VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 advert case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 advert det 3 job job NOUN Number=Sing 4 advert compound 4 advert advert NOUN Number=Sing 9 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 advert punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 preferred punct 7 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 means nsubj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 preferred punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 means ccomp 11 but but CCONJ _ 13 required cc 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 required advmod 13 required require VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 wanted conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer in a quote participle vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present a job advert vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 want past vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 4 not require participle vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Certain translators have preferred to render otyot yesod as 'elemental letters' by analogy with the Greek term. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
Sentence 1: Certain translators have preferred to render otyot yesod as 'elemental letters' by analogy with the Greek term.
The tree, 18 words amod nsubj:pass aux mark xcomp compound obj case punct amod obl case case obl case det amod obl punct root Certain ADJ translators NOUN have AUX preferred VERB to PART render VERB otyot NOUN yesod NOUN as ADP ' PUNCT elemental ADJ letters NOUN ' PART by ADP analogy NOUN with ADP the DET Greek ADJ term NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 2 translators amod 2 translators translator NOUN Number=Plur 4 preferred nsubj:pass 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 preferred aux 4 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 render mark 6 render render VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 preferred xcomp 7 otyot otyot NOUN Number=Sing 8 yesod compound 8 yesod yesod NOUN Number=Sing 6 render obj 9 as as ADP _ 12 letters case 10 ' ' PUNCT _ 12 letters punct 11 elemental elemental ADJ Degree=Pos 12 letters amod 12 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 6 render obl 13 ' 's PART _ 12 letters case 14 by by ADP _ 15 analogy case 15 analogy analogy NOUN Number=Sing 6 render obl 16 with with ADP _ 19 term case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 term det 18 Greek Greek ADJ Degree=Pos 19 term amod 19 term term NOUN Number=Sing 6 render obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer present · perfect · passive Certain translators tree rules 2 render not said to happen to-infinitive otyot yesod as elemental letters; by analogy; with the Greek term vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yesod=Theme
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
punct flat punct compound compound appos punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Sefaria PROPN community NOUN translation NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 translation punct 5 Sefaria Sefaria PROPN Number=Sing 7 translation compound 6 community community NOUN Number=Sing 7 translation compound 7 translation translation NOUN Number=Sing 2 Sefer appos 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 My reading according to a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac Luria, which I have preferred to all others, is thus: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
The tree, 23 words nmod:poss nsubj case fixed det nmod case compound nmod flat punct nsubj:pass nsubj aux acl case det obl punct advmod punct punct compound parataxis punct conj flat punct root My PRON reading NOUN according VERB to ADP a DET manuscript NOUN of ADP Rabbi PROPN Isaac PROPN Luria PROPN , PUNCT which PRON I PRON have AUX preferred VERB to ADP all DET others NOUN , PUNCT is VERB thus ADV : PUNCT ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 reading nmod:poss 2 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 20 is nsubj 3 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 manuscript case 4 to to ADP _ 3 according fixed 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 manuscript det 6 manuscript manuscript NOUN Number=Sing 2 reading nmod 7 of of ADP _ 9 Isaac case 8 Rabbi Rabbi PROPN Number=Sing 9 Isaac compound 9 Isaac Isaac PROPN Number=Sing 6 manuscript nmod 10 Luria Luria PROPN Number=Sing 9 Isaac flat 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 preferred punct 12 which which PRON PronType=Rel 15 preferred nsubj:pass 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 preferred nsubj 14 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 preferred aux 15 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 manuscript acl 16 to to ADP _ 18 others case 17 all all DET PronType=Tot 18 others det 18 others other NOUN Number=Plur 15 preferred obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 2 reading punct 20 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 21 thus thus ADV _ 20 is advmod 22 : : PUNCT _ 20 is punct 23 ( ( PUNCT _ 25 Yetzirah punct 24 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 25 Yetzirah compound 25 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 20 is parataxis 26 , , PUNCT _ 27 Kalisch punct 27 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 25 Yetzirah conj 28 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 25 Yetzirah flat 29 ) ) PUNCT _ 25 Yetzirah punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 2 prefer present · perfect · passive a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac to all others vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus 3 be present My reading accord a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac thus property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 read My accord a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent accord=obl
Example 3 I preferred the book to the film.
nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root I PRON preferred VERB the DET book NOUN to ADP the DET film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 preferred nsubj 2 preferred prefer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 book det 4 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 preferred obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 film case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 film det 7 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 book nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer past I the book to the film vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer book=Stimulus
Example 4 Most pupils preferred pizza to pasta.
amod nsubj obj case nmod punct root Most ADJ pupils NOUN preferred VERB pizza NOUN to ADP pasta NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 pupils amod 2 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 3 preferred nsubj 3 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 3 preferred obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 pasta case 6 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 4 pizza nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer participle Most pupils pizza to pasta vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pizza=Stimulus
Example 5 She preferred to walk rather than take the bus.
nsubj mark xcomp cc fixed conj det obj punct root She PRON preferred VERB to PART walk VERB rather ADV than ADP take VERB the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 preferred nsubj 2 preferred prefer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 walk mark 4 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 preferred xcomp 5 rather rather ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 7 take cc 6 than than ADP _ 5 rather fixed 7 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 walk conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 7 take obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer past She vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 walk not said to happen to-infinitive She not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 take infinitive She not said here the bus vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Theme
Example 6 In the survey, 18 of 30 pupils preferred apples, so 12 preferred something else.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct appos case nummod nmod acl obj punct advmod nsubj obj advmod punct root In ADP the DET survey NOUN , PUNCT 18 NUM of ADP 30 NUM pupils NOUN preferred VERB apples NOUN , PUNCT so ADV 12 NUM preferred VERB something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 survey case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 survey det 3 survey survey NOUN Number=Sing 14 preferred obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 18 punct 5 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 survey appos 6 of of ADP _ 8 pupils case 7 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 pupils nummod 8 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 5 18 nmod 9 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 pupils acl 10 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 9 preferred obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 preferred punct 12 so so ADV _ 14 preferred advmod 13 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 preferred nsubj 14 preferred prefer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 preferred obj 16 else else ADV _ 15 something advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer participle 30 pupils not said here apples vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer apple=Stimulus 2 prefer past 12 something the survey vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
Example 7 Write your preferred name on the form.
nmod:poss amod obj case det obl punct root Write VERB your PRON preferred ADJ name NOUN on ADP the DET form NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 name nmod:poss 3 preferred preferred ADJ Degree=Pos 4 name amod 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 form case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 form det 7 form form NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your preferred name the form vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on form=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Cats are preferred as pets in our street.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Cats NOUN are AUX preferred VERB as ADP pets NOUN in ADP our PRON street NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 3 preferred nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 preferred aux:pass 3 preferred prefer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 as as ADP _ 5 pets case 5 pets pet NOUN Number=Plur 3 preferred obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 street case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 street nmod:poss 8 street street NOUN Number=Sing 3 preferred obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer present · passive Cats our street as pets vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
Example 9 Experience in sport is preferred but not required. (formal)
Sentence 1: Experience in sport is preferred but not required.
nsubj case nmod cop cc advmod conj punct root Experience NOUN in ADP sport NOUN is AUX preferred ADJ but CCONJ not PART required VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Experience experience NOUN Number=Sing 5 preferred nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 sport case 3 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 1 Experience nmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 preferred cop 5 preferred preferred ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 required cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 required advmod 8 required require VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 preferred conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Experience in sport preferred property tree rules 2 not require participle Experience in sport not said here vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: (formal)
punct punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 10 We both loved the same Fairy, but she preferred me.
nsubj advmod det amod obj punct cc nsubj conj obj punct root We PRON both ADV loved VERB the DET same ADJ Fairy NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ she PRON preferred VERB me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 loved nsubj 2 both both ADV _ 3 loved advmod 3 loved love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Fairy det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 Fairy amod 6 Fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 3 loved obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 preferred punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 10 preferred cc 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 preferred nsubj 10 preferred prefer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 loved conj 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 preferred obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 loved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love past We the same Fairy both property vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fairy=Stimulus 2 prefer past Fairy me vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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