rafter Who acts: long sloping beams, rafters, Swallows, We, owl, builders · What happens: slope, hold up, beam, pack, sink in, leak · To what, where: roof, wood, idleness, nest, rafters, herbs
«rafter» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rafter in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 One of the long sloping beams of wood that hold up a roof.
case det amod amod nmod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det obj punct root One NUM of ADP the DET long ADJ sloping VERB beams NOUN of ADP wood NOUN that PRON hold VERB up ADP a DET roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 2 of of ADP _ 6 beams case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 beams det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 beams amod 5 sloping slope VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 beams amod 6 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 1 One nmod 7 of of ADP _ 8 wood case 8 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 6 beams nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 hold nsubj 10 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 beams acl:relcl 11 up up ADP _ 10 hold compound:prt 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 roof det 13 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 10 hold obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 One punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slope gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hold up present the long sloping beams of wood a roof vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot roof=Theme 3 beam wood nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.
«packed to the rafters» = completely full of people or things.
punct advcl case det obl punct punct advmod case obl cc conj punct root « PUNCT packed VERB to ADP the DET rafters NOUN » PUNCT = SYM completely ADV full ADJ of ADP people NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 packed punct 2 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 full advcl 3 to to ADP _ 5 rafters case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 rafters det 5 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 2 packed obl 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 packed punct 7 = = SYM _ 9 full punct 8 completely completely ADV _ 9 full advmod 9 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 of of ADP _ 11 people case 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 full obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 things cc 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 11 people conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack in a quote participle to the rafters vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
Example 1 By slothfulness the rafters sink in; and through idleness of the hands the house leaketh. (Writings ECC.10.18, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: By slothfulness the rafters sink in; and through idleness of the hands the house leaketh.
The tree, 15 words case obl det nsubj advmod punct cc case obl case det nmod det iobj conj punct root By ADP slothfulness NOUN the DET rafters NOUN sink VERB in ADV ; PUNCT and CCONJ through ADP idleness NOUN of ADP the DET hands NOUN the DET house NOUN leaketh VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 2 slothfulness case 2 slothfulness slothfulness NOUN Number=Sing 5 sink obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 rafters det 4 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 5 sink nsubj 5 sink sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADV _ 5 sink advmod 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 leaketh punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 16 leaketh cc 9 through through ADP _ 10 idleness case 10 idleness idleness NOUN Number=Sing 16 leaketh obl 11 of of ADP _ 13 hands case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 hands det 13 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 10 idleness nmod 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 house det 15 house house NOUN Number=Sing 13 hands iobj 16 leaketh leak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sink conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 sink punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sink in present the rafters by slothfulness vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 leak present the rafters not said here idleness of the hands vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through idleness=Location
Sentence 2: (Writings ECC.10.18, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN ECC.10.18 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 ECC.10.18 ECC.10.18 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 ECC.10.18 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ECC.10.18 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Swallows built a nest in the rafters of the barn.
nsubj det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root Swallows NOUN built VERB a DET nest NOUN in ADP the DET rafters NOUN of ADP the DET barn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swallows swallow NOUN Number=Plur 2 built nsubj 2 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 nest det 4 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 rafters case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rafters det 7 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 2 built obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 barn case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 barn det 10 barn barn NOUN Number=Sing 7 rafters nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past Swallows a nest the rafters of the barn vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product
Example 3 Hams and bunches of herbs hung from the rafters.
cc conj case nmod acl case det obl punct root Hams NOUN and CCONJ bunches NOUN of ADP herbs NOUN hung VERB from ADP the DET rafters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hams ham NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 bunches cc 3 bunches bunch NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hams conj 4 of of ADP _ 5 herbs case 5 herbs herb NOUN Number=Plur 3 bunches nmod 6 hung hang VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 herbs acl 7 from from ADP _ 9 rafters case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rafters det 9 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 6 hung obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hams punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang participle herbs not said here the rafters vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The hall was packed to the rafters for the concert.
det nsubj aux:pass case det obl case det obl punct root The DET hall NOUN was AUX packed VERB to ADP the DET rafters NOUN for ADP the DET concert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hall det 2 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 4 packed nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 packed aux:pass 4 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 rafters case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rafters det 7 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 4 packed obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 concert case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 concert det 10 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 4 packed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 packed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack past · passive the hall to the rafters; for the concert vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Destination
Example 5 We could see the old wooden rafters in the attic.
nsubj aux det amod amod obj case det nmod punct root We PRON could AUX see VERB the DET old ADJ wooden ADJ rafters NOUN in ADP the DET attic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 see aux 3 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rafters det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rafters amod 6 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rafters amod 7 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 3 see obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 attic case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 attic det 10 attic attic NOUN Number=Sing 7 rafters nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could We the old wooden rafters the attic vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rafter=Stimulus
Example 6 An owl sat on a rafter, watching.
det nsubj case det obl punct advcl punct root An DET owl NOUN sat VERB on ADP a DET rafter NOUN , PUNCT watching VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 owl det 2 owl owl NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat nsubj 3 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 rafter case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rafter det 6 rafter rafter NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 watching punct 8 watching watch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 sat advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past a owl a rafter vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rafter=Location 2 watch gerund a owl not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The builders fixed new rafters on the roof.
det nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root The DET builders NOUN fixed VERB new ADJ rafters NOUN on ADP the DET roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 builders det 2 builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 3 fixed nsubj 3 fixed fix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rafters amod 5 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 3 fixed obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 roof case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 roof det 8 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 fixed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fixed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fix past the builders new rafters the roof vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rafter=Patient
Example 8 I looked down between the bare rafters and through the open loft into the comfortless space below.
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod case det amod obl cc case det amod conj case det amod obl advmod punct root I PRON looked VERB down ADV between ADP the DET bare ADJ rafters NOUN and CCONJ through ADP the DET open ADJ loft NOUN into ADP the DET comfortless ADJ space NOUN below ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADV _ 2 looked advmod 4 between between ADP _ 7 rafters case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rafters det 6 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rafters amod 7 rafters rafter NOUN Number=Plur 2 looked obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 12 loft cc 9 through through ADP _ 12 loft case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 loft det 11 open open ADJ Degree=Pos 12 loft amod 12 loft loft NOUN Number=Sing 7 rafters conj 13 into into ADP _ 16 space case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 space det 15 comfortless comfortless ADJ Degree=Pos 16 space amod 16 space space NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 17 below below ADV _ 16 space advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look down past I the comfortless space between the bare rafters and the open loft; down property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent between rafter=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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