retrograde

Who acts: planet, Closing, Mars shows, Venus, he, moons · What happens: go, get, move, seem, retrograde, lose · To what, where: planet, usual one, direction opposite, night sky, amnesia, memories · Speech: someone speaks here

«retrograde» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: retrograde in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Going backwards, or getting worse instead of better.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	1 Going	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 getting	punct
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 getting	cc
5	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Going	conj
6	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 getting	xcomp
7	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	9 better	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	7 instead	fixed
9	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 getting	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Going	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	gerund						backwards property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	get	gerund						instead better; bad property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: science, astronomy — kept apart, not parsed.

Moving in the direction opposite to the usual one; for example, a planet seeming to move backwards across the night sky.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 opposite	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 opposite	det
4	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 opposite	compound
5	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 one	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 one	det
8	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 one	amod
9	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obl
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 example	punct
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 example	case
12	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 planet	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 planet	det
15	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obl
16	seeming	seem	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 planet	acl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 move	mark
18	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 seeming	xcomp
19	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	18 move	advmod
20	across	across	ADP	_	23 sky	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 sky	det
22	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sky	compound
23	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 move	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Moving	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	move	gerund		a planet	the usual one	the direction opposite	for example	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in opposite=Source to one=Trajectory
2	seem	gerund	a planet not said here					vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
3	move	to-infinitive	a planet not said here			the night sky	backwards property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory

Meaning 3

Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

«Retrograde amnesia» is losing memories from before an injury.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Retrograde	punct
2	Retrograde	retrograde	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 losing	parataxis
3	amnesia	amnesia	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Retrograde	obj
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Retrograde	punct
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 losing	aux
6	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	memories	memory	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 losing	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 injury	case
9	before	before	ADP	_	11 injury	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 injury	det
11	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 losing	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 losing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retrograde in a quote	infinitive		amnesia					tree rules
2	lose	present · progressive		memories		a injury			tree rules

Example 1

If the sphere be rotated forward, good is implied, if in a retrograde manner evil is intended. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

Sentence 1: If the sphere be rotated forward, good is implied, if in a retrograde manner evil is intended.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	5 rotated	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sphere	det
3	sphere	sphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rotated	nsubj:pass
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 rotated	aux:pass
5	rotated	rotate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 implied	advcl
6	forward	forward	ADV	_	5 rotated	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 rotated	punct
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 implied	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 implied	aux:pass
10	implied	imply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 intended	punct
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	19 intended	mark
13	in	in	ADP	_	17 evil	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 evil	det
15	retrograde	retrograde	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 manner	compound
16	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 evil	compound
17	evil	evil	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 intended	obl
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 intended	aux:pass
19	intended	intend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 implied	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 implied	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rotate a condition, not said to happen	infinitive · passive	the sphere		forward property	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	imply	present · passive	good			vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	intend a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		a manner evil		vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1887	1887	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

Closing the library would be a retrograde step.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Closing	close	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 step	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 library	det
3	library	library	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Closing	obj
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 step	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 step	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 step	det
7	retrograde	retrograde	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 step	compound
8	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 step	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	gerund		the library					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent library=Patient
2	is a	would	Closing	a retrograde step					tree rules

Example 3

Mars shows retrograde motion in the night sky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 shows	compound
2	shows	show	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 retrograde	nsubj
3	retrograde	retrograde	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retrograde	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 sky	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sky	det
7	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sky	compound
8	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retrograde	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 retrograde	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retrograde	present	Mars shows	motion		the night sky			tree rules

Example 4

Venus spins in a retrograde direction, opposite to most planets.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 spins	nsubj
2	spins	spin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 direction	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 direction	det
5	retrograde	retrograde	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 direction	compound
6	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spins	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 opposite	punct
8	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 direction	appos
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 planets	case
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 planets	amod
11	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 opposite	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spins	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spin	present	Venus			a retrograde direction			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory

Example 5

After the fall, he had retrograde amnesia and forgot the morning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 fall	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fall	det
3	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 had	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 fall	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 had	nsubj
6	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	retrograde	retrograde	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 had	xcomp
8	amnesia	amnesia	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 retrograde	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 forgot	cc
10	forgot	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 had	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 morning	det
12	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forgot	obl:unmarked
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	have	past	he		after the fall	tree rules
2	retrograde	infinitive	he not said here	amnesia		tree rules
3	forget	past	he not said here		morning	tree rules

Example 6

Some moons orbit in a retrograde way.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 moons	det
2	moons	moon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 orbit	nsubj
3	orbit	orbit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 way	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 way	det
6	retrograde	retrograde	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 way	compound
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 orbit	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 orbit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	orbit	present	some moons			a retrograde way			vn orbit-51.9.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme

Example 7

Going back to the old rules felt retrograde.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 felt	csubj
2	back	back	ADV	_	1 Going	advmod
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 rules	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rules	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rules	amod
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Going	obl
7	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	retrograde	retrograde	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 felt	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 felt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	go back	gerund		to the old rules result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to rule=Result
2	feel	past	Going		vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	retrograde	infinitive	Going not said here		tree rules

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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