roman

Who acts: Roman candle, firework, series, Romans, We, X · What happens: connect, be, shoot out, indicate, know, accord · To what, where: firework, bright sparks, 4, straight roads, Roman soldiers, Roman numerals · Speech: someone speaks here

«roman» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: roman in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Connected with ancient Rome, a powerful empire long ago around the Mediterranean Sea.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Connected	connect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 Rome	case
3	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Rome	amod
4	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Connected	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 empire	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 empire	det
7	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 empire	amod
8	empire	empire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Rome	appos
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 ago	advmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	8 empire	advmod
11	around	around	ADP	_	14 Sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sea	det
13	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Sea	compound
14	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 empire	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Connected	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	connect	participle						with ancient Rome	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with rome=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A person from ancient Rome or from the city of Rome today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 Rome	case
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 Rome	amod
5	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 person	nmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 city	cc
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Rome	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Rome	case
11	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 city	nmod
12	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 person	nmod:unmarked
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 person	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

"roman" with a small r: ordinary upright print, not italic.

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 roman	punct
2	roman	roman	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 roman	punct
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 r	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 r	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 r	amod
7	r	r	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roman	nmod
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 print	punct
9	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 print	amod
10	upright	upright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 print	amod
11	print	print	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roman	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 italic	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 italic	advmod
14	italic	italic	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 print	appos
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 roman	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

A Roman candle is a firework that shoots out bright sparks and balls of fire.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 candle	det
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 candle	amod
3	candle	candle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 firework	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 firework	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 firework	det
6	firework	firework	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 shoots	nsubj
8	shoots	shoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 firework	acl:relcl
9	out	out	ADP	_	8 shoots	compound:prt
10	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sparks	amod
11	sparks	spark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shoots	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 balls	cc
13	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 sparks	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 fire	case
15	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 balls	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 firework	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a Roman candle	a firework					tree rules
2	shoot out	present	a firework	bright sparks and balls of fire					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spark=Theme

Example 1

Indeed, the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 were originally indicated by such a series of strokes, as is well known to all familiar with the old Roman, Greek, and South-Arabian systems of notation. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Indeed, the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 were originally indicated by such a series of strokes, as is well known to all familiar with the old Roman, Greek, and South-Arabian systems of notation.

The tree, 35 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	_	4 numbers	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Indeed	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 numbers	det
4	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 numbers	flat
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 2	punct
7	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 1	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 3	punct
9	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 1	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 indicated	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 indicated	cc
12	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 indicated	nsubj:pass
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 indicated	aux:pass
14	originally	originally	ADV	_	15 indicated	advmod
15	indicated	indicate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 numbers	acl
16	by	by	ADP	_	19 series	case
17	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	19 series	det:predet
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 series	det
19	series	series	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 indicated	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 strokes	case
21	strokes	stroke	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 series	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 known	punct
23	as	as	SCONJ	_	26 known	mark
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 known	aux:pass
25	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	26 known	advmod
26	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 indicated	conj
27	to	to	ADP	_	28 all	case
28	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	26 known	obl
29	familiar	familiar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 all	amod
30	with	with	ADP	_	33 Roman	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 Roman	det
32	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 Roman	amod
33	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 known	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 Greek	punct
35	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 Roman	conj
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 systems	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 systems	cc
38	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 systems	compound
39	-	-	PUNCT	_	38 South	punct
40	Arabian	Arabian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 systems	amod
41	systems	system	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 Roman	appos
42	of	of	ADP	_	43 notation	case
43	notation	notation	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 systems	nmod
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 numbers	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	past · passive	such series of strokes	4				originally property	vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic
2	know	present · passive	such series of strokes not said here					to all; with the old Roman; well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 2

The Romans built long straight roads.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Romans	det
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 built	nsubj
3	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 roads	advmod
5	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 roads	amod
6	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 built	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	the Romans	straight roads					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Product

Example 3

Roman soldiers were called legionaries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 soldiers	amod
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 called	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 called	aux:pass
4	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	legionaries	legionary	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 called	xcomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	past · passive		Roman soldiers					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Example 4

We are learning to read Roman numerals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 learning	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 learning	aux
3	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 read	mark
5	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 learning	xcomp
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 numerals	amod
7	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 read	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 learning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present · progressive	We						vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	read	to-infinitive	We not said here	Roman numerals					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent numeral=Topic

Example 5

In Roman numerals, X means ten.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 numerals	case
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 numerals	amod
3	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 means	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 numerals	punct
5	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	nsubj
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 means	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	X	ten				in Roman numerals	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot ten=Theme in numeral=Attribute

Example 6

The clock has Roman numerals on its face.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clock	det
2	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 numerals	amod
5	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 face	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 face	nmod:poss
8	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 numerals	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the clock	Roman numerals		clock's face			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent numeral=Patient

Example 7

Hadrian's Wall was built by the Romans.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hadrian	Hadrian	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Wall	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Hadrian	case
3	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 built	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 built	aux:pass
5	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 Romans	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Romans	det
8	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 built	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive	the Romans	Hadrian's Wall					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product

Example 8

The Roman Empire was huge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Empire	det
2	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Empire	compound
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 huge	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 huge	cop
5	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 huge	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Roman Empire					huge property	tree rules

Example 9

“Nonsense!” said the Roman Candle, “Romance never dies.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	2 Nonsense	punct
2	Nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 said	ccomp
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Nonsense	punct
4	”	"	PUNCT	_	2 Nonsense	punct
5	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Candle	det
7	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Candle	amod
8	Candle	Candle	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 said	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 dies	punct
10	“	"	PUNCT	_	13 dies	punct
11	Romance	romance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dies	nsubj
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 dies	advmod
13	dies	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 said	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the Roman Candle						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	not die in a quote	present	Romance						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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