stain Who acts: dirty mark, mark, cells, I, Blackberries, you · What happens: be, remove, make, use, colour, see · To what, where: mark, dye, wood, cells, microscope, grass stain
«stain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stain in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dirty mark or spot that is hard to remove.
det amod nsubj cc conj nsubj cop mark xcomp punct root A DET dirty ADJ mark NOUN or CCONJ spot NOUN that PRON is AUX hard ADJ to PART remove VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 mark det 2 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mark amod 3 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 8 hard nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 spot cc 5 spot spot NOUN Number=Sing 3 mark conj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 hard nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 hard cop 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 to to PART _ 10 remove mark 10 remove remove VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 hard xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a dirty mark or spot hard property tree rules 2 remove to-infinitive a dirty mark or spot not said here vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To make a mark that is hard to remove.
mark det obj nsubj cop acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root To PART make VERB a DET mark NOUN that PRON is AUX hard ADJ to PART remove VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mark det 4 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 hard nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hard cop 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mark acl:relcl 8 to to PART _ 9 remove mark 9 remove remove VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 hard xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive a mark vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mark=Product 2 is present a mark hard property tree rules 3 remove to-infinitive a mark not said here vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: noun or verb — kept apart, not parsed.
A dye used to colour wood or to make cells easy to see under a microscope.
The tree, 16 words det acl mark advcl obj cc mark conj obj xcomp mark xcomp case det obl punct root A DET dye NOUN used VERB to PART colour VERB wood NOUN or CCONJ to PART make VERB cells NOUN easy ADJ to PART see VERB under ADP a DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dye det 2 dye dye NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 dye acl 4 to to PART _ 5 colour mark 5 colour colour VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 6 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 5 colour obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 colour conj 10 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 9 make obj 11 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 make xcomp 12 to to PART _ 13 see mark 13 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 easy xcomp 14 under under ADP _ 16 microscope case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 microscope det 16 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 13 see obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 dye punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a dye not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 colour to-infinitive wood tree rules 3 make to-infinitive cells easy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cell=Product 4 see to-infinitive cells not said here a microscope vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 I've got a grass stain on my trousers.
nsubj aux det compound obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root I PRON 've AUX got VERB a DET grass NOUN stain NOUN on ADP my PRON trousers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 got nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 got aux 3 got get VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stain det 5 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 6 stain compound 6 stain stain NOUN Number=Sing 3 got obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 trousers case 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 trousers nmod:poss 9 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur 6 stain nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present · perfect I a grass stain my trousers vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent stain=Theme on trousers=Source
Example 2 Blackberries stain your fingers purple.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root Blackberries NOUN stain VERB your PRON fingers NOUN purple ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blackberries blackberry NOUN Number=Plur 2 stain nsubj 2 stain stain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 fingers nmod:poss 4 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 2 stain obj 5 purple purple ADJ Degree=Pos 2 stain xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 stain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stain present Blackberries your fingers purple property vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent finger=Destination
Example 3 Wash the stain out before it dries.
det obj compound:prt mark nsubj advcl punct root Wash VERB the DET stain NOUN out ADP before SCONJ it PRON dries VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 stain det 3 stain stain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wash obj 4 out out ADP _ 1 Wash compound:prt 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 dries mark 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 dries nsubj 7 dries dry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Wash advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash out imperative you not said here the stain vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stain=Patient 2 dry present stain vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 We used a stain to see the cells under the microscope.
nsubj det obj mark advcl det obj case det nmod punct root We PRON used VERB a DET stain NOUN to PART see VERB the DET cells NOUN under ADP the DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 stain det 4 stain stain NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cells det 8 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 6 see obj 9 under under ADP _ 11 microscope case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 microscope det 11 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 8 cells nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We a stain vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stain=Patient 2 see to-infinitive We not said here the cells the microscope vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cell=Stimulus
Example 5 The church has beautiful stained-glass windows.
det nsubj amod amod punct compound obj punct root The DET church NOUN has VERB beautiful ADJ stained VERB - PUNCT glass NOUN windows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 church det 2 church church NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 windows amod 5 stained stain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 windows amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 stained punct 7 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 8 windows compound 8 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the church beautiful stained glass windows vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient 2 stain participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Tea can stain your teeth.
nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Tea NOUN can AUX stain VERB your PRON teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 3 stain nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 stain aux 3 stain stain VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 teeth nmod:poss 5 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 3 stain obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 stain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stain can Tea your teeth vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent tooth=Destination
Example 7 The carpet was stained with red juice.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET carpet NOUN was AUX stained VERB with ADP red ADJ juice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 carpet det 2 carpet carpet NOUN Number=Sing 4 stained nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stained aux:pass 4 stained stain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 juice case 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 7 juice amod 7 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 4 stained obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 stained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stain past · passive the carpet with red juice vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with juice=Theme
Example 8 Dad stained the wooden fence dark brown.
nsubj det amod obj amod conj punct root Dad NOUN stained VERB the DET wooden ADJ fence NOUN dark ADJ brown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 stained nsubj 2 stained stain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fence det 4 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fence amod 5 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 2 stained obj 6 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brown amod 7 brown brown NOUN Number=Sing 5 fence conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stain past Dad the wooden fence and dark brown vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fence=Destination
Example 9 She flew in excitedly, her face flushed and her dress stained with mud.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case obl punct nmod:poss nsubj conj cc nmod:poss nsubj conj case obl punct root She PRON flew VERB in ADP excitedly ADV , PUNCT her PRON face NOUN flushed VERB and CCONJ her PRON dress NOUN stained VERB with ADP mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 flew nsubj 2 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 excitedly case 4 excitedly excitedly ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 2 flew obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 flushed punct 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 face nmod:poss 7 face face NOUN Number=Sing 8 flushed nsubj 8 flushed flush VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 flew conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 stained cc 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 dress nmod:poss 11 dress dress NOUN Number=Sing 12 stained nsubj 12 stained stain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 flushed conj 13 with with ADP _ 14 mud case 14 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 12 stained obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past She vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in excitedly=Location 2 flush past her face vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 stain past face's dress with mud vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with mud=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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