abacus Who acts: abacus, beads, We, top row, bottom row, children · What happens: be, slide, use, do, add, show · To what, where: frame, wires, sums, flat slab, buildings, abacus
«abacus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abacus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An abacus is a frame with rows of beads that slide along wires or rods, used for counting and doing sums.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj punct acl case obl cc conj obj punct root An DET abacus NOUN is AUX a DET frame NOUN with ADP rows NOUN of ADP beads NOUN that PRON slide VERB along ADP wires NOUN or CCONJ rods NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP counting NOUN and CCONJ doing VERB sums NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 abacus det 2 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 5 frame nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 frame cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 frame det 5 frame frame NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 rows case 7 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 5 frame nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 beads case 9 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 7 rows nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 slide nsubj 11 slide slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 beads acl:relcl 12 along along ADP _ 13 wires case 13 wires wire NOUN Number=Plur 11 slide obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 rods cc 15 rods rod NOUN Number=Plur 13 wires conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 used punct 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 wires acl 18 for for ADP _ 19 counting case 19 counting counting NOUN Number=Sing 17 used obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 doing cc 21 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 counting conj 22 sums sum NOUN Number=Plur 21 doing obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 frame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a abacus a frame with rows of beads tree rules 2 slide present beads wires or rods vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along wire=Trajectory 3 use participle wires or rods not said here for counting vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 do gerund sums vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In buildings, an abacus is the flat slab on top of a column (architecture word).
The tree, 15 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case det nmod punct compound appos punct punct root In ADP buildings NOUN , PUNCT an DET abacus NOUN is AUX the DET flat ADJ slab NOUN on ADP top NOUN of ADP a DET column NOUN ( PUNCT architecture NOUN word NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 buildings case 2 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 9 slab obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 buildings punct 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 abacus det 5 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 9 slab nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 slab cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 slab det 8 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 9 slab amod 9 slab slab NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 on on ADP _ 11 top case 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 slab nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 column case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 column det 14 column column NOUN Number=Sing 11 top nmod 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 word punct 16 architecture architecture NOUN Number=Sing 17 word compound 17 word word NOUN Number=Sing 14 column appos 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 word punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 slab punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a abacus the flat slab buildings on top of a column tree rules
Example 1 We used an abacus to add 27 and 15.
nsubj det obj mark advcl obj cc conj punct root We PRON used VERB an DET abacus NOUN to PART add VERB 27 NUM and CCONJ 15 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 abacus det 4 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 5 to to PART _ 6 add mark 6 add add VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 7 27 27 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 add obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 15 cc 9 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 27 conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We a abacus vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abacus=Patient 2 add speech: assert to-infinitive We not said here 27 vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 27=Patient
Example 2 On the abacus, the top row shows hundreds and the bottom row shows ones.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct det amod nsubj obj cc det amod nsubj conj obj punct root On ADP the DET abacus NOUN , PUNCT the DET top ADJ row NOUN shows VERB hundreds NOUN and CCONJ the DET bottom ADJ row NOUN shows VERB ones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 abacus case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 abacus det 3 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 8 shows obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 abacus punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 row det 6 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 7 row amod 7 row row NOUN Number=Sing 8 shows nsubj 8 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 8 shows obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 14 shows cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 row det 12 bottom bottom ADJ Degree=Pos 13 row amod 13 row row NOUN Number=Sing 14 shows nsubj 14 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 shows conj 15 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 14 shows obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the top row hundreds the abacus vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hundred=Recipient 2 show present the bottom row ones vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Recipient
Example 3 Some children in Japan learn very fast mental maths with a soroban abacus.
det nsubj case nmod advmod advmod amod obj case det amod obl punct root Some DET children NOUN in ADP Japan PROPN learn VERB very ADV fast ADV mental ADJ maths NOUN with ADP a DET soroban ADJ abacus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 learn nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Japan case 4 Japan Japan PROPN Number=Sing 2 children nmod 5 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 very very ADV _ 7 fast advmod 7 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 8 mental advmod 8 mental mental ADJ Degree=Pos 9 maths amod 9 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 5 learn obj 10 with with ADP _ 13 abacus case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 abacus det 12 soroban soroban ADJ Degree=Pos 13 abacus amod 13 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 5 learn obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present some children in Japan mental maths with a soroban abacus vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent math=Topic
Example 4 The abacus was used long before calculators.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root The DET abacus NOUN was AUX used VERB long ADV before ADP calculators NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 abacus det 2 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 4 used nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 long long ADV Degree=Pos 4 used advmod 6 before before ADP _ 7 calculators case 7 calculators calculator NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive the abacus before calculators long property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 5 Move three beads to the left to add three.
nummod obj case det obl mark advcl obj punct root Move VERB three NUM beads NOUN to ADP the DET left NOUN to PART add VERB three NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 beads nummod 3 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 1 Move obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 left case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 left det 6 left left NOUN Number=Sing 1 Move obl 7 to to PART _ 8 add mark 8 add add VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Move advcl 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 add obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move imperative you not said here three beads the left vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent bead=Theme to left=Trajectory 2 add speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here three vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Patient
Example 6 My little brother counts the coloured beads on his toy abacus.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN counts VERB the DET coloured ADJ beads NOUN on ADP his PRON toy NOUN abacus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 counts nsubj 4 counts count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 beads det 6 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beads amod 7 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 4 counts obj 8 on on ADP _ 11 abacus case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 abacus nmod:poss 10 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 11 abacus compound 11 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 7 beads nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 counts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count present My little brother the coloured beads brother's toy abacus vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bead=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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