above Who acts: sky, temperature, many numbers, She, bird, town · What happens: mean, be, see, do, live, fly · To what, where: ground, more, picture, all, something, 5 degrees · Speech: someone speaks here
«above» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: above in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Above means higher than something. The sky is above the ground.
Sentence 1: Above means higher than something.
advmod xcomp case obl punct root Above ADV means VERB higher ADJ than ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means xcomp 4 than than ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 higher obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present above, high property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The sky is above the ground.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET sky NOUN is AUX above ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 6 ground nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ground cop 4 above above ADP _ 6 ground case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ground det 6 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 ground punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the sky the ground tree rules
Meaning 2 Above also means more than a number or level: above 10, above zero, above average.
The tree, 15 words advmod advmod obj case det obl cc conj punct case parataxis punct case conj punct case conj punct root Above ADV also ADV means VERB more ADJ than ADP a DET number NOUN or CCONJ level NOUN : PUNCT above ADP 10 NUM , PUNCT above ADP zero NUM , PUNCT above ADP average NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 means obj 5 than than ADP _ 7 number case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 number det 7 number number NOUN Number=Sing 4 more obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 level cc 9 level level NOUN Number=Sing 7 number conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 10 punct 11 above above ADP _ 12 10 case 12 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 means parataxis 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 zero punct 14 above above ADP _ 15 zero case 15 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 10 conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 average punct 17 above above ADP _ 18 average case 18 average average NOUN Number=Sing 15 zero conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present more above property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic
Meaning 3 In a book, above means earlier on the page: see the picture above.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct case advmod case det obl punct conj det obj advmod punct root In ADP a DET book NOUN , PUNCT above ADP means VERB earlier ADV on ADP the DET page NOUN : PUNCT see VERB the DET picture NOUN above ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 book case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 book det 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 book punct 5 above above ADP _ 6 means case 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 6 means advmod 8 on on ADP _ 10 page case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 page det 10 page page NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 see punct 12 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 picture det 14 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 12 see obj 15 above above ADV _ 12 see advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present on the page; in a book; early property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in book=Attribute 2 see infinitive the picture above property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus
Meaning 4 Above all means most importantly.
case obl advmod advmod punct root Above ADP all DET means VERB most ADV importantly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADP _ 2 all case 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 3 means obl 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 most most ADV Degree=Sup 5 importantly advmod 5 importantly importantly ADV _ 3 means advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present all importantly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Above can also mean too proud or too good to do something.
advmod aux advmod advmod ccomp cc advmod conj mark csubj obj punct root Above ADV can AUX also ADV mean VERB too ADV proud ADJ or CCONJ too ADV good ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADV _ 4 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 too too ADV _ 6 proud advmod 6 proud proud ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mean ccomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 good cc 8 too too ADV _ 9 good advmod 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 proud conj 10 to to PART _ 11 do mark 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 good csubj 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 do obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can above property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 The temperature is 5 degrees above zero.
det nsubj cop nummod case nmod punct root The DET temperature NOUN is AUX 5 NUM degrees NOUN above ADP zero NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 5 degrees nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 degrees cop 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 degrees nummod 5 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 above above ADP _ 7 zero case 7 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 degrees nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 degrees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the temperature 5 degrees zero tree rules
Example 2 How many numbers above 20 are in the list?
advmod amod nsubj case nmod cop case det punct root How ADV many ADJ numbers NOUN above ADP 20 NUM are AUX in ADP the DET list NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 numbers amod 3 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 9 list nsubj 4 above above ADP _ 5 20 case 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 numbers nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 list cop 7 in in ADP _ 9 list case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 list det 9 list list NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 9 list punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many numbers above 20 the list tree rules
Example 3 She lives 3 floors above Tom.
nsubj nummod obj case obl punct root She PRON lives VERB 3 NUM floors NOUN above ADP Tom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lives nsubj 2 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 floors nummod 4 floors floor NOUN Number=Plur 2 lives obj 5 above above ADP _ 6 Tom case 6 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 lives obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 lives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present She 3 floors Tom vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme floor=Location
Example 4 The bird flew 12 m above the tree.
det nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root The DET bird NOUN flew VERB 12 NUM m NOUN above ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bird det 2 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 m nummod 5 m m NOUN Number=Plur 3 flew obj 6 above above ADP _ 8 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the bird 12 m the tree vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent m=Theme above tree=Location
Example 5 The town is 300 m above sea level.
det nsubj cop nummod case compound nmod punct root The DET town NOUN is AUX 300 NUM m NOUN above ADP sea NOUN level NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 5 m nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 m cop 4 300 300 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 m nummod 5 m m NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 above above ADP _ 8 level case 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 level compound 8 level level NOUN Number=Sing 5 m nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 m punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the town 300 m sea level tree rules
Example 6 Hang the picture above the bed.
det obj case det nmod punct root Hang VERB the DET picture NOUN above ADP the DET bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hang hang VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 picture det 3 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hang obj 4 above above ADP _ 6 bed case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bed det 6 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 3 picture nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang imperative you not said here the picture the bed vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme above bed=Destination
Example 7 Look at the table above to answer the question.
case det obl advmod mark advcl det obj punct root Look VERB at ADP the DET table NOUN above ADV to PART answer VERB the DET question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 at at ADP _ 4 table case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 table det 4 table table NOUN Number=Sing 1 Look obl 5 above above ADV _ 1 Look advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 answer mark 7 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Look advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 question det 9 question question NOUN Number=Sing 7 answer obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here at the table; above property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at table=Theme 2 answer speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here the question vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
Example 8 Above all, be kind.
case nsubj punct cop punct root Above ADP all DET , PUNCT be AUX kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Above above ADP _ 2 all case 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 kind nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 all punct 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 kind cop 5 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive all kind property tree rules
Example 9 His marks were above average.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case punct root His PRON marks NOUN were AUX above ADP average NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 marks nmod:poss 2 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 5 average nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 average cop 4 above above ADP _ 5 average case 5 average average NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 average punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past His marks average tree rules 2 mark His = he nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 10 He was above all that sort of thing.
nsubj cop case det:predet det case nmod punct root He PRON was AUX above ADP all DET that DET sort NOUN of ADP thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 sort nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 sort cop 3 above above ADP _ 6 sort case 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 sort det:predet 5 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 sort det 6 sort sort NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 thing case 8 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 6 sort nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 sort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past He all sort of thing tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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