abscise Who acts: layer, oak trees, plant, corky layer, trees, it · What happens: abscise, mean, drop, form, join, cut off · To what, where: leaf, special layer, stem, something, leaves, flowers · Speech: someone speaks here
«abscise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abscise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
To abscise means for a plant to drop a leaf, flower or fruit by forming a special layer of cells where it joins the stem.
The tree, 25 words mark csubj case det obl mark advcl det obj punct conj cc conj mark advcl det amod obj case nmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root To PART abscise VERB means VERB for ADP a DET plant NOUN to PART drop VERB a DET leaf NOUN , PUNCT flower NOUN or CCONJ fruit NOUN by SCONJ forming VERB a DET special ADJ layer NOUN of ADP cells NOUN where ADV it PRON joins VERB the DET stem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 abscise mark 2 abscise abscise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 plant case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 plant det 6 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 7 to to PART _ 8 drop mark 8 drop drop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 leaf det 10 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 8 drop obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 flower punct 12 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 10 leaf conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 fruit cc 14 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 10 leaf conj 15 by by SCONJ _ 16 forming mark 16 forming form VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 drop advcl 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 layer det 18 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 19 layer amod 19 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 16 forming obj 20 of of ADP _ 21 cells case 21 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 19 layer nmod 22 where where ADV PronType=Rel 24 joins advmod 23 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 joins nsubj 24 joins join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 cells acl:relcl 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 stem det 26 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 24 joins obj 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present for a plant vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for plant=Attribute 3 drop to-infinitive a leaf and flower or fruit vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme 4 form gerund a special layer of cells vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location layer=Theme 5 join present layer the stem vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To abscise also means to cut something off.
mark csubj advmod mark xcomp obj compound:prt punct root To PART abscise VERB also ADV means VERB to PART cut VERB something PRON off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 abscise mark 2 abscise abscise VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 also also ADV _ 2 abscise advmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 cut mark 6 cut cut VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 cut obj 8 off off ADP _ 6 cut compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cut off not said to happen to-infinitive something vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector something=Eventuality
Example 1 In autumn, oak and maple trees abscise their leaves.
case obl punct compound cc conj nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root In ADP autumn NOUN , PUNCT oak NOUN and CCONJ maple NOUN trees NOUN abscise VERB their PRON leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 autumn case 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 8 abscise obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 autumn punct 4 oak oak NOUN Number=Sing 7 trees compound 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 maple cc 6 maple maple NOUN Number=Sing 4 oak conj 7 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 8 abscise nsubj 8 abscise abscise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 leaves nmod:poss 10 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 abscise obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 abscise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise present oak trees trees's leaves autumn tree rules
Example 2 The plant abscises flowers that were not pollinated.
det nsubj obj nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl:relcl punct root The DET plant NOUN abscises VERB flowers NOUN that PRON were AUX not PART pollinated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plant det 2 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 3 abscises nsubj 3 abscises abscise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 3 abscises obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 pollinated nsubj:pass 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 pollinated aux:pass 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 pollinated advmod 8 pollinated pollinate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 flowers acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 abscises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise present the plant flowers tree rules 2 not pollinate past · passive flowers tree rules
Example 3 A corky layer forms before the leaf is abscised.
det amod nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root A DET corky ADJ layer NOUN forms VERB before SCONJ the DET leaf NOUN is AUX abscised VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 layer det 2 corky corky ADJ Degree=Pos 3 layer amod 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 4 forms nsubj 4 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 before before SCONJ _ 9 abscised mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 leaf det 7 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 9 abscised nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 abscised aux:pass 9 abscised abscise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 forms advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 forms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form present a corky layer vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 abscise present · passive the leaf tree rules
Example 4 Some trees abscise small fruits when it is too dry.
det nsubj amod obj mark nsubj cop advmod advcl punct root Some DET trees NOUN abscise VERB small ADJ fruits NOUN when SCONJ it PRON is AUX too ADV dry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 trees det 2 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 abscise nsubj 3 abscise abscise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fruits amod 5 fruits fruit NOUN Number=Plur 3 abscise obj 6 when when SCONJ _ 10 dry mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 dry nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dry cop 9 too too ADV _ 10 dry advmod 10 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 abscise advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 abscise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise present some trees small fruits tree rules 2 is present it dry property tree rules
Example 5 Scientists study how plants decide when to abscise their leaves.
nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp advmod mark ccomp nmod:poss obj punct root Scientists NOUN study VERB how ADV plants NOUN decide VERB when ADV to PART abscise VERB their PRON leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 study nsubj 2 study study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 decide advmod 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 decide nsubj 5 decide decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 study ccomp 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 abscise advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 abscise mark 8 abscise abscise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 decide ccomp 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 leaves nmod:poss 10 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 abscise obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present Scientists vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 decide present plants vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 abscise not said to happen to-infinitive plants's leaves tree rules
Example 6 Evergreen trees abscise old needles a few at a time.
amod nsubj amod obj det obl case det obl punct root Evergreen ADJ trees NOUN abscise VERB old ADJ needles NOUN a DET few ADJ at ADP a DET time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Evergreen evergreen ADJ Degree=Pos 2 trees amod 2 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 abscise nsubj 3 abscise abscise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 needles amod 5 needles needle NOUN Number=Plur 3 abscise obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 few det 7 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 3 abscise obl 8 at at ADP _ 10 time case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 time det 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 few obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 abscise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 abscise present Evergreen trees old needles a few obl tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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