action Who acts: action, someone, We, action figure, Sam, Ben · What happens: be, do, run, jump, cook, mean · To what, where: something, things, action, exciting events, film, small toy person · Speech: someone speaks here
«action» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: action in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An action is something that someone does, like running, jumping or cooking.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop obj nsubj acl:relcl punct mark advcl punct conj cc conj punct root An DET action NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON someone PRON does VERB , PUNCT like SCONJ running VERB , PUNCT jumping VERB or CCONJ cooking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 action det 2 action action NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 does obj 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 does nsubj 7 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 running punct 9 like like SCONJ _ 10 running mark 10 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 does advcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 jumping punct 12 jumping jump VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 running conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 cooking cc 14 cooking cook VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 running conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a action something tree rules 2 do present someone vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality 3 run gerund someone not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 jump gerund someone not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 cook gerund someone not said here vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Action means doing things, not just talking: «We need action!».
The tree, 10 words nsubj xcomp obj punct advmod advmod conj punct punct nsubj parataxis obj punct punct punct root Action NOUN means VERB doing VERB things NOUN , PUNCT not PART just ADV talking VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT We PRON need VERB action NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Action action NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 doing obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 talking punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 talking advmod 7 just just ADV _ 8 talking advmod 8 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 doing conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 need punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 need punct 11 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 need nsubj 12 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means parataxis 13 action action NOUN Number=Sing 12 need obj 14 ! ! PUNCT _ 12 need punct 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 need punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Action vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen gerund Action not said here things vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality 3 not talk gerund Action not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 need in a quote present We action vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot action=Theme
Meaning 3 Action is exciting events in a film or a game: «an action film».
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop amod case det nmod cc det conj punct punct det compound parataxis punct punct root Action NOUN is AUX exciting ADJ events NOUN in ADP a DET film NOUN or CCONJ a DET game NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET action NOUN film NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Action action NOUN Number=Sing 4 events nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 events cop 3 exciting exciting ADJ Degree=Pos 4 events amod 4 events event NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 film case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 film det 7 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 events nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 game cc 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 game det 10 game game NOUN Number=Sing 7 film conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 4 events punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 film punct 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 film det 14 action action NOUN Number=Sing 15 film compound 15 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 events parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 film punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 events punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Action exciting events a film or a game tree rules
Meaning 4 An action figure is a small toy person, often a hero.
det compound nsubj cop det amod compound punct advmod det conj punct root An DET action NOUN figure NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ toy NOUN person NOUN , PUNCT often ADV a DET hero NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 figure det 2 action action NOUN Number=Sing 3 figure compound 3 figure figure NOUN Number=Sing 8 person nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 person det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 person amod 7 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 8 person compound 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 hero punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 hero advmod 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 hero det 12 hero hero NOUN Number=Sing 8 person conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a action figure a small toy person and a hero tree rules
Example 1 Every action in the story changes how many apples Sam has.
det nsubj case det nmod advmod amod obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Every DET action NOUN in ADP the DET story NOUN changes VERB how ADV many ADJ apples NOUN Sam PROPN has VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 action det 2 action action NOUN Number=Sing 6 changes nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 story case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 story det 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 action nmod 6 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 many advmod 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 apples amod 9 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 6 changes obj 10 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 11 has nsubj 11 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 apples acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 changes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present every action in the story many apples vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient 2 have present Sam many apples not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 2 Ben has 15 action figures.
nsubj nummod compound obj punct root Ben PROPN has VERB 15 NUM action NOUN figures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 figures nummod 4 action action NOUN Number=Sing 5 figures compound 5 figures figure NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Ben 15 action figures vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent figure=Patient
Example 3 He buys 3 more action figures.
nsubj nummod amod compound obj punct root He PRON buys VERB 3 NUM more ADJ action NOUN figures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 buys nsubj 2 buys buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 figures nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 figures amod 5 action action NOUN Number=Sing 6 figures compound 6 figures figure NOUN Number=Plur 2 buys obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 buys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present He 3 more action figures vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent figure=Theme
Example 4 Count the action that happens last.
det obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root Count VERB the DET action NOUN that PRON happens VERB last ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Count count VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 action det 3 action action NOUN Number=Sing 1 Count obj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 happens nsubj 5 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 action acl:relcl 6 last last ADV _ 5 happens advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count imperative you not said here the action vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Theme 2 happen present the action last property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 «Jump» and «run» are action words.
punct punct cc punct nsubj punct cop compound conj punct root « PUNCT Jump VERB » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT run NOUN » PUNCT are AUX action NOUN words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Jump punct 2 Jump jump VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Jump punct 4 and and CCONJ _ 10 words cc 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 run punct 6 run run NOUN Number=Sing 10 words nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 run punct 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 words cop 9 action action NOUN Number=Sing 10 words compound 10 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 Jump conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 Jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump in a quote imperative you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present run action words tree rules
Example 6 We took action to clean up the playground.
nsubj obj mark advcl compound:prt det obj punct root We PRON took VERB action NOUN to PART clean VERB up ADP the DET playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 action action NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 4 to to PART _ 5 clean mark 5 clean clean VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 took advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 clean compound:prt 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 playground det 8 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 5 clean obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past We action vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Theme 2 clean up to-infinitive We not said here the playground vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent playground=Patient
Example 7 I watched the firefighters in action.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root I PRON watched VERB the DET firefighters NOUN in ADP action NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 firefighters det 4 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 2 watched obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 action case 6 action action NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past I the firefighters action vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firefighter=Theme
Example 8 Kind actions make friends.
amod nsubj obj punct root Kind ADJ actions NOUN make VERB friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 2 actions amod 2 actions action NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 3 make obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Kind actions friends vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset friend=Product
Example 9 It is quite remarkable how one good action always breeds another.
nsubj cop advmod advmod nummod amod nsubj advmod advcl obj punct root It PRON is AUX quite ADV remarkable ADJ how ADV one NUM good ADJ action NOUN always ADV breeds VERB another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 remarkable nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 remarkable cop 3 quite quite ADV _ 4 remarkable advmod 4 remarkable remarkable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 breeds advmod 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 action nummod 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 8 action amod 8 action action NOUN Number=Sing 10 breeds nsubj 9 always always ADV PronType=Tot 10 breeds advmod 10 breeds breed VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 remarkable advcl 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 10 breeds obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 remarkable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It remarkable property tree rules 2 breed present one good action another always property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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