adduce Who acts: evidence, you, lawyer, she, three reasons, her · What happens: give, adduce, be, support, say, save · To what, where: something, new evidence, court, three reasons, essay, woods · Speech: someone speaks here
«adduce» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: adduce in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To give something as a reason or proof in an argument: to adduce evidence is to bring it forward to support what you say.
The tree, 24 words mark obj case det obl cc conj case det nmod punct mark conj nsubj cop mark ccomp obj advmod mark advcl obj nsubj ccomp punct root To PART give VERB something PRON as ADP a DET reason NOUN or CCONJ proof NOUN in ADP an DET argument NOUN : PUNCT to PART adduce VERB evidence NOUN is AUX to PART bring VERB it PRON forward ADV to PART support VERB what PRON you PRON say VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 give obj 4 as as ADP _ 6 reason case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 reason det 6 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 proof cc 8 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 6 reason conj 9 in in ADP _ 11 argument case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 argument det 11 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 8 proof nmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 adduce punct 13 to to PART _ 14 adduce mark 14 adduce adduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 give conj 15 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 18 bring nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 bring cop 17 to to PART _ 18 bring mark 18 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 adduce ccomp 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 bring obj 20 forward forward ADV _ 18 bring advmod 21 to to PART _ 22 support mark 22 support support VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 bring advcl 23 what what PRON PronType=Int 25 say obj 24 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 25 say nsubj 25 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 support ccomp 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive something as a reason or proof in a argument vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 adduce to-infinitive tree rules 3 is present evidence bring, forward property tree rules 4 support to-infinitive evidence not said here vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 5 say speech: assert present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The lawyer adduced new evidence in court.
det nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root The DET lawyer NOUN adduced VERB new ADJ evidence NOUN in ADP court NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lawyer det 2 lawyer lawyer NOUN Number=Sing 3 adduced nsubj 3 adduced adduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 evidence amod 5 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 3 adduced obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 court case 7 court court NOUN Number=Sing 5 evidence nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 adduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 adduce past the lawyer new evidence court tree rules
Example 2 In her essay she adduced three reasons for saving the woods.
case nmod:poss obl nsubj nummod obj mark acl det obj punct root In ADP her PRON essay NOUN she PRON adduced VERB three NUM reasons NOUN for SCONJ saving VERB the DET woods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 essay case 2 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 essay nmod:poss 3 essay essay NOUN Number=Sing 5 adduced obl 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 adduced nsubj 5 adduced adduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 reasons nummod 7 reasons reason NOUN Number=Plur 5 adduced obj 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 saving mark 9 saving save VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 reasons acl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 woods det 11 woods wood NOUN Number=Plur 9 saving obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 adduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 adduce past she three reasons her essay tree rules 2 save gerund three reasons not said here the woods vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Theme 3 essay her = she nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Scientists must adduce data to back up their claims.
nsubj aux obj mark xcomp compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root Scientists NOUN must AUX adduce VERB data NOUN to PART back VERB up ADP their PRON claims NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 adduce nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 adduce aux 3 adduce adduce VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 data data NOUN Number=Sing 3 adduce obj 5 to to PART _ 6 back mark 6 back back VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 adduce xcomp 7 up up ADP _ 6 back compound:prt 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 claims nmod:poss 9 claims claim NOUN Number=Plur 6 back obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 adduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 adduce must Scientists data tree rules 2 back up to-infinitive Scientists not said here Scientists's claims vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Agent 3 claim Scientists = scientist nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 He could adduce no proof that the dog ate his homework.
nsubj aux det obj mark det nsubj acl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON could AUX adduce VERB no DET proof NOUN that SCONJ the DET dog NOUN ate VERB his PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 adduce nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 adduce aux 3 adduce adduce VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 proof det 5 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 3 adduce obj 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 ate mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dog det 8 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 ate nsubj 9 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 proof acl 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 homework nmod:poss 11 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 9 ate obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 adduce punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 adduce could He no proof tree rules 2 eat past the dog dog's homework vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Patient
Example 5 The teacher asked us to adduce examples from the text.
det nsubj iobj mark xcomp obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN asked VERB us PRON to PART adduce VERB examples NOUN from ADP the DET text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked iobj 5 to to PART _ 6 adduce mark 6 adduce adduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked xcomp 7 examples example NOUN Number=Plur 6 adduce obj 8 from from ADP _ 10 text case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 text det 10 text text NOUN Number=Sing 6 adduce obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 adduce not said to happen to-infinitive the teacher not said here examples the text tree rules
Example 6 Several facts were adduced to show the bridge was unsafe.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Several ADJ facts NOUN were AUX adduced VERB to PART show VERB the DET bridge NOUN was AUX unsafe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Several several ADJ Degree=Pos 2 facts amod 2 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 4 adduced nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 adduced aux:pass 4 adduced adduce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 show mark 6 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 adduced advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bridge det 8 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 10 unsafe nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 unsafe cop 10 unsafe unsafe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 show ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 adduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 adduce past · passive Several facts tree rules 2 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is past the bridge unsafe property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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