affect Who acts: Rain, them, sad story, affect, illness, temperature · What happens: affect, mean, have, change, influence, make · To what, where: something, effect, match, someone, them, strong emotions · Speech: someone speaks here
«affect» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: affect in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To affect something means to have an effect on it, to change or influence it («Rain affects the match»).
The tree, 19 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp det obj case nmod punct mark conj cc conj obj punct punct nsubj parataxis det obj punct punct punct root To PART affect VERB something PRON means VERB to PART have VERB an DET effect NOUN on ADP it PRON , PUNCT to PART change VERB or CCONJ influence VERB it PRON ( PUNCT « PUNCT Rain NOUN affects VERB the DET match NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 affect mark 2 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 affect obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 effect det 8 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 9 on on ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 effect nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 change punct 12 to to PART _ 13 change mark 13 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 have conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 influence cc 15 influence influence VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 change conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 influence obj 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 affects punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 affects punct 19 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 20 affects nsubj 20 affects affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 influence parataxis 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 match det 22 match match NOUN Number=Sing 20 affects obj 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 match punct 24 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 affects punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect to-infinitive something vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus something=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen to-infinitive a effect effect vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient 4 change to-infinitive vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 influence infinitive effect vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Patient clause=Result 6 affect in a quote present Rain the match vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus match=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To affect someone means to make them feel strong emotions («The sad story affected her deeply»).
The tree, 16 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj xcomp amod obj punct punct det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod punct punct punct root To PART affect VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART make VERB them PRON feel VERB strong ADJ emotions NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT The DET sad ADJ story NOUN affected VERB her PRON deeply ADV » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 affect mark 2 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 affect obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make xcomp 9 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 10 emotions amod 10 emotions emotion NOUN Number=Plur 8 feel obj 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 affected punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 affected punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 story det 14 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 15 story amod 15 story story NOUN Number=Sing 16 affected nsubj 16 affected affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 emotions acl:relcl 17 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 affected obj 18 deeply deeply ADV _ 16 affected advmod 19 » » PUNCT _ 16 affected punct 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 affected punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen to-infinitive them = they tree rules 4 feel not said to happen infinitive them = they not said here strong emotions vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent emotion=Theme 5 affect in a quote past the sad story her = she deeply property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer
Meaning 3 To affect can mean to attack or harm a part of the body («The illness affects the lungs»).
The tree, 18 words mark nsubj aux mark xcomp cc conj det obj case det nmod punct punct det nsubj parataxis det obj punct punct punct root To PART affect NOUN can AUX mean VERB to PART attack VERB or CCONJ harm VERB a DET part NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT The DET illness NOUN affects VERB the DET lungs NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 affect mark 2 affect affect NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 attack mark 6 attack attack VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 harm cc 8 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 attack conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 part det 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing 8 harm obj 11 of of ADP _ 13 body case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 body det 13 body body NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nmod 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 affects punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 18 affects punct 16 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 illness det 17 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 18 affects nsubj 18 affects affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 harm parataxis 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 lungs det 20 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 18 affects obj 21 » » PUNCT _ 18 affects punct 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 affects punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can affect vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 attack not said to happen to-infinitive affect not said here vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 harm infinitive affect not said here a part of the body tree rules 4 affect in a quote present the illness the lungs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer
Meaning 4 Formally, to affect means to pretend («affect an accent»).
The tree, 9 words advmod punct mark nsubj mark xcomp punct punct ccomp det obj punct punct punct root Formally ADV , PUNCT to PART affect VERB means VERB to PART pretend VERB ( PUNCT « PUNCT affect VERB an DET accent NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formally formally ADV _ 4 affect advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Formally punct 3 to to PART _ 4 affect mark 4 affect affect VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 pretend mark 7 pretend pretend VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 affect punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 affect punct 10 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 pretend ccomp 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 accent det 12 accent accent NOUN Number=Sing 10 affect obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 10 affect punct 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 affect punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect to-infinitive formally property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 pretend not said to happen to-infinitive tree rules 4 affect in a quote infinitive a accent vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus accent=Experiencer
Example 1 How does temperature affect how fast ice melts?
advmod aux nsubj advmod advmod nsubj ccomp punct root How ADV does AUX temperature NOUN affect VERB how ADV fast ADV ice NOUN melts VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 4 affect advmod 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 affect aux 3 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 4 affect nsubj 4 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 fast advmod 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 8 melts advmod 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 melts nsubj 8 melts melt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 affect ccomp 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 affect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect present · do-support temperature tree rules 2 melt present ice fast property vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Too much screen time can affect your sleep.
advmod amod compound nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Too ADV much ADJ screen NOUN time NOUN can AUX affect VERB your PRON sleep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Too too ADV _ 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 4 time amod 3 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 4 time compound 4 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 affect nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 affect aux 6 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sleep nmod:poss 8 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 6 affect obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 affect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect can much screen time your sleep vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sleep=Experiencer 2 sleep your nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The flood affected hundreds of homes.
det nsubj obj case nmod punct root The DET flood NOUN affected VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP homes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flood det 2 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 3 affected nsubj 3 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 3 affected obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 homes case 6 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 4 hundreds nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 affected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect participle the flood hundreds of homes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hundred=Experiencer
Example 4 The sad film affected me a lot.
det amod nsubj obj det obl:unmarked punct root The DET sad ADJ film NOUN affected VERB me PRON a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 film det 2 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 film amod 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 affected nsubj 4 affected affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 affected obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 lot det 7 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 affected obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 affected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect past the sad film me a lot obl:unmarked vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer
Example 5 Pollution affects animals living in the river.
nsubj obj acl case det obl punct root Pollution NOUN affects VERB animals NOUN living VERB in ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pollution pollution NOUN Number=Sing 2 affects nsubj 2 affects affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 2 affects obj 4 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 animals acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 4 living obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 affects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect present Pollution animals vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer 2 live gerund animals not said here the river vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location
Example 6 Does the weather affect your mood?
aux det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Does AUX the DET weather NOUN affect VERB your PRON mood NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 affect aux 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 weather det 3 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 affect nsubj 4 affect affect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 mood nmod:poss 6 mood mood NOUN Number=Sing 4 affect obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 affect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect present · do-support the weather your mood vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mood=Experiencer
Example 7 The illness mostly affects the skin.
det nsubj advmod det obj punct root The DET illness NOUN mostly ADV affects VERB the DET skin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 illness det 2 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 4 affects nsubj 3 mostly mostly ADV _ 4 affects advmod 4 affects affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 skin det 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 4 affects obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 affects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect present the illness the skin mostly property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus skin=Experiencer
Example 8 Many families were affected by the storm.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Many ADJ families NOUN were AUX affected VERB by ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 4 affected nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 affected aux:pass 4 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 affected obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 affected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 affect past · passive the storm Many families vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 9 The bitter weather had for some time affected his limbs.
det amod nsubj case det obl acl nmod:poss obj punct root The DET bitter ADJ weather NOUN had VERB for ADP some DET time NOUN affected VERB his PRON limbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 weather det 2 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 3 weather amod 3 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 time case 6 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obl 8 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 time acl 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 limbs nmod:poss 10 limbs limb NOUN Number=Plur 8 affected obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the bitter weather time vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 affect participle some time not said here weather's limbs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus limb=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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