afford

Who acts: We, I, hill, book, you, shoes · What happens: have, pay, not afford, miss, be, do · To what, where: enough money, new car, bus, something, mistakes, fine view

«afford» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: afford in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To have enough money to pay for something (We can't afford a new car).

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 have	mark
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 money	amod
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 pay	mark
6	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 money	acl
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 something	case
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 pay	obl
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	13 afford	punct
10	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 afford	nsubj
11	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 afford	aux
12	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 afford	advmod
13	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 something	appos
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 car	det
15	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 car	amod
16	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 afford	obj
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	13 afford	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	to-infinitive		enough money		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient
2	pay	to-infinitive		enough money not said here	for something	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for something=Theme
3	not afford	can	We	a new car		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To have enough time, space or energy for something (I can't afford to miss the bus).

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 have	mark
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 time	amod
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 space	punct
6	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 time	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 energy	cc
8	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 time	conj
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 something	case
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 time	nmod
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 afford	punct
12	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 afford	nsubj
13	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 afford	aux
14	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 afford	advmod
15	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 something	appos
16	to	to	PART	_	17 miss	mark
17	miss	miss	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 afford	xcomp
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 bus	det
19	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 miss	obj
20	)	)	PUNCT	_	15 afford	punct
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	have	to-infinitive			time	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	not afford	can	I			tree rules
3	miss	to-infinitive	I not said here	the bus		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bus=Stimulus

Meaning 3

To be able to do something without bad results (We can't afford to make mistakes).

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	3 able	mark
2	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	3 able	cop
3	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 do	mark
5	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 able	xcomp
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 do	obj
7	without	without	ADP	_	9 results	case
8	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 results	amod
9	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 do	obl
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 afford	punct
11	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 afford	nsubj
12	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 afford	aux
13	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 afford	advmod
14	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 do	advcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 make	mark
16	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 afford	xcomp
17	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 make	obj
18	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 afford	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 able	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	to-infinitive			able property	tree rules
2	do	to-infinitive		something	without bad results	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
3	not afford	can	We			tree rules
4	make	to-infinitive	We not said here	mistakes		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product

Meaning 4

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To give or provide (The hill affords a fine view).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 give	mark
2	give	give	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 provide	cc
4	provide	provide	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 give	conj
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 affords	punct
6	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hill	det
7	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 affords	nsubj
8	affords	afford	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 give	obj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 view	det
10	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 view	amod
11	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 affords	obj
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 affords	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	give	to-infinitive			vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	provide	infinitive			vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	afford	present	the hill	a fine view	tree rules

Example 1

I can afford the book because I saved $15 and it costs $12.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 afford	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 afford	aux
3	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 book	det
5	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 saved	mark
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 saved	nsubj
8	saved	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 afford	advcl
9	$	$	SYM	_	8 saved	obj
10	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 $	nummod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 costs	cc
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 costs	nsubj
13	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 saved	conj
14	$	$	SYM	_	13 costs	obj
15	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 $	nummod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 afford	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	afford	can	I	the book	tree rules
2	save	past	I		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Theme
3	cost	present	book		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value

Example 2

We can't afford a holiday this year.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 afford	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 afford	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 afford	advmod
4	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 holiday	det
6	holiday	holiday	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 afford	obj
7	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 afford	obl:unmarked
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 afford	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not afford	can	We	a holiday			year		tree rules

Example 3

Can you afford to buy lunch for both of us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 afford	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 afford	nsubj
3	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 buy	mark
5	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 afford	xcomp
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 buy	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 both	case
8	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 buy	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 us	case
10	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 both	nmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 afford	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	can	you						tree rules
2	buy	to-infinitive	you not said here	lunch				for both	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme for both=Beneficiary

Example 4

I can't afford to be late again.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 afford	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 afford	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 afford	advmod
4	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 late	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 late	cop
7	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 afford	advcl
8	again	again	ADV	_	4 afford	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 afford	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not afford	can	I				again		tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive	I not said here					late property	tree rules

Example 5

Save your pocket money so you can afford the toy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Save	save	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 money	nmod:poss
3	pocket	pocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 money	compound
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Save	obj
5	so	so	SCONJ	_	8 afford	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 afford	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 afford	aux
8	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Save	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 toy	det
10	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 afford	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Save	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	imperative	you not said here	your pocket money					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme
2	afford	can	you	the toy					tree rules

Example 6

These shoes are affordable — they're on sale.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	These	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 shoes	det
2	shoes	shoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 affordable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 affordable	cop
4	affordable	affordable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	—	-	PUNCT	_	9 sale	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sale	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 sale	cop
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 sale	case
9	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 affordable	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 affordable	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this shoes					affordable property	tree rules
2	is	present	shoes = shoe			sale			tree rules

Example 7

Sam has $8; can he afford a ticket that costs $10? No, he needs $2 more.

Sentence 1: Sam has $8; can he afford a ticket that costs $10?

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	$	$	SYM	_	2 has	obj
4	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 $	nummod
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 afford	punct
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 afford	aux
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 afford	nsubj
8	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 has	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ticket	det
10	ticket	ticket	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 afford	obj
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 costs	nsubj
12	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 ticket	acl:relcl
13	$	$	SYM	_	12 costs	obj
14	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 $	nummod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	present	Sam		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Patient
2	afford	can	Sam	a ticket	tree rules
3	cost	present	a ticket		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value

Sentence 2: No, he needs $2 more.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 needs	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 needs	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 needs	nsubj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	$	$	SYM	_	4 needs	obj
6	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 $	nummod
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 $	advmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Sam						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot $=Theme

Example 8

How can you afford to bring up the boy?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 afford	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 afford	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 afford	nsubj
4	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 bring	mark
6	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 afford	xcomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 bring	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 boy	det
9	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bring	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 afford	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	can	you						tree rules
2	bring up	to-infinitive	you not said here	the boy					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent boy=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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