aghast
Who acts: youth, king, Nibs, We · What happens: strike, stand, word, exclaim, be, see · To what, where: words, broken window
«aghast» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: aghast in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Shocked and horrified, struck dumb by surprise or fear.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shocked | shocked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 horrified | cc |
| 3 | horrified | horrified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Shocked | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 struck | punct |
| 5 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Shocked | conj |
| 6 | dumb | dumb | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 struck | xcomp |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 surprise | case |
| 8 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 struck | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 fear | cc |
| 10 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 surprise | conj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shocked | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | participle | by surprise or fear; dumb property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by surprise=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1
The youth stood aghast at the king's words.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 youth | det |
| 2 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | aghast | aghast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stood | xcomp |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 words | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 king | det |
| 7 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 words | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 king | case |
| 9 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 stood | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stood | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the youth | the king's words | aghast property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at word=Location | |||
| 2 | word | the king | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
Example 2
"She won't!" Nibs exclaimed, aghast.
Sentence 1: "She won't!"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 wo | punct |
| 2 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 wo | nsubj |
| 3 | wo | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 wo | advmod |
| 5 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 wo | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 wo | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Nibs exclaimed, aghast.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nibs | nib | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 2 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 aghast | punct |
| 4 | aghast | aghast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 exclaimed | conj |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 exclaimed | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exclaim speech: express | participle | Nibs | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
Example 3
We were aghast to see the broken window.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 aghast | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 aghast | cop |
| 3 | aghast | aghast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 see | mark |
| 5 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 aghast | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 window | det |
| 7 | broken | broken | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 window | amod |
| 8 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 see | obj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 aghast | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | We | aghast property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | We not said here | the broken window | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Stimulus |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/aghast/