ahead Who acts: runner, you, Lily, Reds, He, We · What happens: mean, be, come, win, go, start · To what, where: front, more points, it, 7 points, 20 pages, trip · Speech: someone speaks here
«ahead» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ahead in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Ahead means in front, or further on: a runner who is ahead is in front of the others.
The tree, 18 words advmod case obl punct cc advmod case punct det nsubj nsubj cop acl:relcl cop case parataxis case det nmod punct root Ahead ADV means VERB in ADP front NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ further ADV on ADP : PUNCT a DET runner NOUN who PRON is AUX ahead ADV is AUX in ADP front NOUN of ADP the DET others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ahead ahead ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 front case 4 front front NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 11 runner punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 11 runner cc 7 further further ADV _ 11 runner advmod 8 on on ADP _ 11 runner case 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 runner punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 runner det 11 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 17 front nsubj 12 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 ahead nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 ahead cop 14 ahead ahead ADV _ 11 runner acl:relcl 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 front cop 16 in in ADP _ 17 front case 17 front front NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 18 of of ADP _ 20 others case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 others det 20 others other NOUN Number=Plur 17 front nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present in front; ahead property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in front=Attribute 2 is present a runner ahead property tree rules 3 is present a runner front of the others tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ahead means in the future, still to come.
advmod case det obl punct advmod mark parataxis punct root Ahead ADV means VERB in ADP the DET future NOUN , PUNCT still ADV to PART come VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ahead ahead ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 future case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 future det 5 future future NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 come punct 7 still still ADV _ 9 come advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 come mark 9 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means parataxis 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present in the future; ahead property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in future=Attribute 2 come to-infinitive still vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Ahead means winning, with more points.
advmod xcomp punct case amod obj punct root Ahead ADV means VERB winning VERB , PUNCT with ADP more ADJ points NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ahead ahead ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 winning win VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 points punct 5 with with ADP _ 7 points case 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 points amod 7 points point NOUN Number=Plur 3 winning obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present ahead property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 win not said to happen gerund more points vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Eventuality
Meaning 4 «Go ahead» means you may start or do it.
punct ccomp advmod punct nsubj aux ccomp cc conj obj punct root « PUNCT Go VERB ahead ADV » PUNCT means VERB you PRON may AUX start VERB or CCONJ do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Go punct 2 Go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 3 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 Go advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Go punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 start nsubj 7 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 start aux 8 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means ccomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 do cc 10 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 start conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 do obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go in a quote infinitive ahead property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 start may you vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 do infinitive you not said here it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Example 1 Lily is 30 meters ahead of Sam.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Lily PROPN is AUX 30 NUM meters NOUN ahead ADV of ADP Sam PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lily Lily PROPN Number=Sing 5 ahead nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 ahead cop 3 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 meters nummod 4 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 5 ahead obl:unmarked 5 ahead ahead ADV _ root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 Sam case 7 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 5 ahead obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 ahead punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Lily of Sam; 30 meters obl:unmarked ; ahead property tree rules
Example 2 The Reds are 7 points ahead.
det nsubj cop nummod advmod punct root The DET Reds NOUN are AUX 7 NUM points NOUN ahead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Reds det 2 Reds red NOUN Number=Plur 5 points nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 points cop 4 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 points nummod 5 points point NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 ahead ahead ADV _ 5 points advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 points punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Reds 7 points ahead property tree rules
Example 3 He reads 20 pages ahead of the class.
nsubj nummod obj advmod case det obl punct root He PRON reads VERB 20 NUM pages NOUN ahead ADV of ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 reads nsubj 2 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pages nummod 4 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 2 reads obj 5 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 reads advmod 6 of of ADP _ 8 class case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 class det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 ahead obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present He 20 pages ahead property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic
Example 4 There are 3 days ahead before the trip.
expl nummod obl:unmarked advmod case det obl punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM days NOUN ahead ADV before ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 days nummod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 ahead obl:unmarked 5 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 are advmod 6 before before ADP _ 8 trip case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 trip det 8 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 are obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present the trip; there ahead property vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before trip=Location
Example 5 Go ahead and start eating.
advmod cc conj xcomp punct root Go VERB ahead ADV and CCONJ start VERB eating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ahead ahead ADV _ 1 Go advmod 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 start cc 4 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Go conj 5 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 start xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go imperative you not said here ahead property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 start infinitive you not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 eat gerund you not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Look ahead when you ride your bike.
advmod mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Look VERB ahead ADV when SCONJ you PRON ride VERB your PRON bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ahead ahead ADV _ 1 Look advmod 3 when when SCONJ _ 5 ride mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 ride nsubj 5 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Look advcl 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 bike nmod:poss 7 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 5 ride obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here ahead property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 ride present you your bike vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme
Example 7 We planned ahead for the trip.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root We PRON planned VERB ahead ADV for ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 planned nsubj 2 planned plan VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 planned advmod 4 for for ADP _ 6 trip case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 trip det 6 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 planned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 planned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plan past We for the trip; ahead property vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The road ahead is closed.
det nsubj:pass advmod aux:pass punct root The DET road NOUN ahead ADV is AUX closed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 road det 2 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 closed nsubj:pass 3 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 road advmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 closed aux:pass 5 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close present · passive the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 9 We finished the project ahead of time.
nsubj det obj advmod case obl punct root We PRON finished VERB the DET project NOUN ahead ADV of ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 finished nsubj 2 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 project det 4 project project NOUN Number=Sing 2 finished obj 5 ahead ahead ADV _ 2 finished advmod 6 of of ADP _ 7 time case 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 ahead obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 finished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish past We the project ahead property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector project=Eventuality
Example 10 She was two steps ahead of her brother.
nsubj cop nummod advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON was AUX two NUM steps NOUN ahead ADV of ADP her PRON brother NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 steps nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 steps cop 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 steps nummod 4 steps step NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 ahead ahead ADV _ 4 steps advmod 6 of of ADP _ 8 brother case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 brother nmod:poss 8 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 ahead obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 steps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She two steps ahead property tree rules
Example 11 While the witch was swimming across the water, Prince Ivan got a long way ahead.
The tree, 15 words mark det nsubj aux advcl case det obl punct nsubj flat det amod obl:unmarked advmod punct root While SCONJ the DET witch NOUN was AUX swimming VERB across ADP the DET water NOUN , PUNCT Prince PROPN Ivan PROPN got VERB a DET long ADJ way NOUN ahead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 While while SCONJ _ 5 swimming mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 witch det 3 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 5 swimming nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 swimming aux 5 swimming swim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 got advcl 6 across across ADP _ 8 water case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 swimming obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 5 swimming punct 10 Prince Prince PROPN Number=Sing 12 got nsubj 11 Ivan Ivan PROPN Number=Sing 10 Prince flat 12 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 way det 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 way amod 15 way way NOUN Number=Sing 16 ahead obl:unmarked 16 ahead ahead ADV _ 12 got advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 12 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past · progressive the witch the water vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across water=Trajectory 2 get past Prince ahead property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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