antecedent Who acts: antecedent, pronoun, Sam, antecedents, dog, you · What happens: be, come, lead, refer, lose, mean · To what, where: something, antecedent, noun, hat, ancestors, tail · Speech: someone speaks here
«antecedent» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: antecedent in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An antecedent is something that came before something else and led to it.
det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl case obl advmod cc conj case obl punct root An DET antecedent NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON came VERB before ADP something PRON else ADV and CCONJ led VERB to ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 antecedent det 2 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 came nsubj 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 before before ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 came obl 9 else else ADV _ 8 something advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 led cc 11 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 came conj 12 to to ADP _ 13 it case 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 led obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a antecedent something tree rules 2 come past something vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before something=Location 3 lead past antecedent vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to it=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
An antecedent is the noun or phrase that a pronoun refers back to: in «Sam lost his hat», «Sam» is the antecedent of «his».
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det cc conj mark det nsubj advcl advmod obl punct mark punct nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct punct punct nsubj punct cop det appos case punct nmod:poss punct punct root An DET antecedent NOUN is AUX the DET noun NOUN or CCONJ phrase NOUN that SCONJ a DET pronoun NOUN refers VERB back ADV to ADP : PUNCT in SCONJ « PUNCT Sam PROPN lost VERB his PRON hat NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT Sam PROPN » PUNCT is AUX the DET antecedent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT his PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 antecedent det 2 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 5 noun nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 noun cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 noun det 5 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 phrase cc 7 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 5 noun conj 8 that that SCONJ _ 11 refers mark 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 pronoun det 10 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 11 refers nsubj 11 refers refer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 noun advcl 12 back back ADV _ 11 refers advmod 13 to to ADP _ 12 back obl 14 : : PUNCT _ 28 antecedent punct 15 in in SCONJ _ 18 lost mark 16 « « PUNCT _ 18 lost punct 17 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 18 lost nsubj 18 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 28 antecedent advcl 19 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 hat nmod:poss 20 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 18 lost obj 21 » » PUNCT _ 18 lost punct 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 Sam punct 23 « « PUNCT _ 24 Sam punct 24 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 28 antecedent nsubj 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 Sam punct 26 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 antecedent cop 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 antecedent det 28 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 5 noun appos 29 of of ADP _ 31 his case 30 « « PUNCT _ 31 his punct 31 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 28 antecedent nmod:poss 32 » » PUNCT _ 28 antecedent punct 33 . . PUNCT _ 5 noun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a antecedent the noun or phrase tree rules 2 refer present a pronoun vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme 3 lose in a quote past Sam Sam's hat vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Eventuality 4 is a present Sam Sam's antecedent tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: plural, formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Your antecedents are your ancestors or family background.
nmod:poss nsubj cop nmod:poss cc compound conj punct root Your PRON antecedents NOUN are AUX your PRON ancestors NOUN or CCONJ family NOUN background NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 antecedents nmod:poss 2 antecedents antecedent NOUN Number=Plur 5 ancestors nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 ancestors cop 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 ancestors nmod:poss 5 ancestors ancestor NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 background cc 7 family family NOUN Number=Sing 8 background compound 8 background background NOUN Number=Sing 5 ancestors conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 ancestors punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your antecedents your ancestors or family background tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: formal adjective — kept apart, not parsed.
Antecedent means coming before.
nsubj xcomp advmod punct root Antecedent NOUN means VERB coming VERB before ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 before before ADV _ 3 coming advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Antecedent vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come not said to happen gerund Antecedent not said here before property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 In «The dog wagged its tail», «dog» is the antecedent of «its».
The tree, 12 words mark punct det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct punct punct nsubj punct cop det parataxis case punct punct punct punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT The DET dog NOUN wagged VERB its PRON tail NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT dog NOUN » PUNCT is AUX the DET antecedent NOUN of ADP « PUNCT its PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 5 wagged mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 wagged punct 3 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 wagged nsubj 5 wagged wag VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 tail nmod:poss 7 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 5 wagged obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 wagged punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 antecedent punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 dog punct 11 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 15 antecedent nsubj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 dog punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 antecedent cop 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 antecedent det 15 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 5 wagged parataxis 16 of of ADP _ 18 its case 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 its punct 18 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 antecedent punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 15 antecedent punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 wagged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wag in a quote past the dog dog's tail tree rules 2 is a present dog the antecedent tree rules
Example 2 Make sure every pronoun has a clear antecedent.
xcomp det nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct root Make VERB sure ADJ every DET pronoun NOUN has VERB a DET clear ADJ antecedent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Make xcomp 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 pronoun det 4 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sure ccomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 antecedent det 7 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 8 antecedent amod 8 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 5 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here sure property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 have present every pronoun a clear antecedent vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antecedent=Patient
Example 3 The bicycle's antecedent was a wooden walking machine.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop det amod compound punct root The DET bicycle NOUN 's PART antecedent NOUN was AUX a DET wooden ADJ walking NOUN machine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bicycle det 2 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 4 antecedent nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 bicycle case 4 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 9 machine nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 machine cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 machine det 7 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 9 machine amod 8 walking walking NOUN Number=Sing 9 machine compound 9 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 machine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the bicycle's antecedent a wooden walking machine tree rules
Example 4 The causes antecedent to the war were complicated.
det cop nsubj case det nmod cop punct root The DET causes VERB antecedent NOUN to ADP the DET war NOUN were AUX complicated ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 antecedent det 2 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 antecedent cop 3 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing 8 complicated nsubj 4 to to ADP _ 6 war case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 war det 6 war war NOUN Number=Sing 3 antecedent nmod 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 complicated cop 8 complicated complicated ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 complicated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the antecedent to the war tree rules 2 is past the antecedent complicated property tree rules
Example 5 His antecedents came from Ireland.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl punct root His PRON antecedents NOUN came VERB from ADP Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 antecedents nmod:poss 2 antecedents antecedent NOUN Number=Plur 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 5 Ireland case 5 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 came obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past His antecedents Ireland vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from ireland=Initial_Location
Example 6 The penny-farthing was an antecedent of the modern bike.
det compound punct nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root The DET penny NOUN - PUNCT farthing NOUN was AUX an DET antecedent NOUN of ADP the DET modern ADJ bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 farthing det 2 penny penny NOUN Number=Sing 4 farthing compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 penny punct 4 farthing farthing NOUN Number=Sing 7 antecedent nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 antecedent cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 antecedent det 7 antecedent antecedent NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 11 bike case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bike det 10 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 11 bike amod 11 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 7 antecedent nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 antecedent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the penny farthing a antecedent of the modern bike tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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