april Who acts: April, It, world, birthday, April showers, brother · What happens: be, have, rain, leave, come, bring · To what, where: fourth month, spring, northern half, autumn, Australia, many days · Speech: someone speaks here
«april» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: april in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 April is the fourth month of the year. It has 30 days.
Sentence 1: April is the fourth month of the year.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root April PROPN is AUX the DET fourth ADJ month NOUN of ADP the DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 April April PROPN Number=Sing 5 month nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 month cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 month det 4 fourth fourth ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 month amod 5 month month NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 year case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 5 month nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 month punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present April the fourth month year tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It has 30 days.
nsubj nummod obj punct root It PRON has VERB 30 NUM days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 days nummod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present It day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 2 In the northern half of the world it is spring; in Australia and New Zealand it is autumn.
The tree, 18 words case det amod obl case det nmod nsubj cop punct case obl cc flat conj nsubj cop conj punct root In ADP the DET northern ADJ half NOUN of ADP the DET world NOUN it PRON is AUX spring NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP Australia PROPN and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN it PRON is AUX autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 half case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 half det 3 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 4 half amod 4 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 10 spring obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 world case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 world det 7 world world NOUN Number=Sing 4 half nmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 spring nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 spring cop 10 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 autumn punct 12 in in ADP _ 13 Australia case 13 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 19 autumn obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 Zealand cc 15 New New PROPN Number=Sing 16 Zealand flat 16 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 13 Australia conj 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 autumn nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 autumn cop 19 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 10 spring conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 10 spring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present world spring and autumn the northern half of the world tree rules 2 is a present world autumn Australia and New Zealand tree rules
Example 1 April has 30 days.
nsubj nummod obj punct root April PROPN has VERB 30 NUM days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 April April PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 days nummod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present April day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 It rained on 12 days in April.
nsubj case nummod obl case obl punct root It PRON rained VERB on ADP 12 NUM days NOUN in ADP April PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rained nsubj 2 rained rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 days case 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 days nummod 5 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 rained obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 April case 7 April April PROPN Number=Sing 2 rained obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 rained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain past It april; day vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 3 Her birthday is in April.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case punct root Her PRON birthday NOUN is AUX in ADP April PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 birthday nmod:poss 2 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 5 April nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 April cop 4 in in ADP _ 5 April case 5 April April PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 April punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Her birthday in April tree rules
Example 4 How many days are left in April?
advmod amod nsubj aux:pass case obl punct root How ADV many ADJ days NOUN are AUX left VERB in ADP April PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 days amod 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 April case 7 April April PROPN Number=Sing 5 left obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many days april vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 April comes after March and before May.
nsubj case obl cc case conj punct root April PROPN comes VERB after ADP March PROPN and CCONJ before ADP May PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 April April PROPN Number=Sing 2 comes nsubj 2 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 after after ADP _ 4 March case 4 March March PROPN Number=Sing 2 comes obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 May cc 6 before before ADP _ 7 May case 7 May May PROPN Number=Sing 4 March conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present April march vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 «April showers bring May flowers.»
punct compound nsubj compound obj punct punct root « PUNCT April PROPN showers NOUN bring VERB May PROPN flowers NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 bring punct 2 April April PROPN Number=Sing 3 showers compound 3 showers shower NOUN Number=Plur 4 bring nsubj 4 bring bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 May May PROPN Number=Sing 6 flowers compound 6 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 4 bring obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 bring punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring in a quote present April showers May flowers vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent flower=Theme
Example 7 On April Fools' Day my brother told me school was cancelled.
case compound nmod:poss case obl nmod:poss nsubj iobj nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct root On ADP April PROPN Fools PROPN ' PART Day PROPN my PRON brother NOUN told VERB me PRON school NOUN was AUX cancelled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 5 Day case 2 April April PROPN Number=Sing 3 Fools compound 3 Fools Fool PROPN Number=Plur 5 Day nmod:poss 4 ' 's PART _ 3 Fools case 5 Day Day PROPN Number=Sing 8 told obl 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 brother nmod:poss 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 8 told nsubj 8 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 told iobj 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 12 cancelled nsubj:pass 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 cancelled aux:pass 12 cancelled cancel VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 told ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past my brother me on April Fools's Day vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 cancel past · passive school tree rules
Example 8 In New Zealand the leaves fall in April.
case flat obl det nsubj case obl punct root In ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN the DET leaves NOUN fall VERB in ADP April PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 Zealand case 2 New New PROPN Number=Sing 3 Zealand flat 3 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 6 fall obl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 leaves det 5 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 6 fall nsubj 6 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 April case 8 April April PROPN Number=Sing 6 fall obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present the leaves New Zealand april vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in zealand=Location
Example 9 We arrived in England on the 13th of April, 1702.
nsubj case obl case det obl case nmod punct appos punct root We PRON arrived VERB in ADP England PROPN on ADP the DET 13th NOUN of ADP April PROPN , PUNCT 1702 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 arrived nsubj 2 arrived arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 England case 4 England England PROPN Number=Sing 2 arrived obl 5 on on ADP _ 7 13th case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 13th det 7 13th 13th NOUN Number=Sing 2 arrived obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 April case 9 April April PROPN Number=Sing 7 13th nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 1702 punct 11 1702 1702 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 April appos 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 arrived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 arrive past We England on the 13th of April vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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