arabic Who acts: Arabic, Arabic numerals, friend, We, Arabic alphabet, mosque · What happens: be, speak, describe, connect, write, leave · To what, where: language, things, usual number signs, Arabic, right, Arabic numerals · Speech: someone speaks here
«arabic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: arabic in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Arabic is the language spoken by many millions of people in the Middle East and North Africa.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det acl case amod obl:agent case nmod case det compound nmod cc compound conj punct root Arabic PROPN is AUX the DET language NOUN spoken VERB by ADP many ADJ millions NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP the DET Middle PROPN East PROPN and CCONJ North PROPN Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 6 by by ADP _ 8 millions case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 millions amod 8 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 5 spoken obl:agent 9 of of ADP _ 10 people case 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 millions nmod 11 in in ADP _ 14 East case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 East det 13 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 14 East compound 14 East East PROPN Number=Sing 10 people nmod 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 Africa cc 16 North North PROPN Number=Sing 17 Africa compound 17 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 14 East conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Arabic the language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle the language not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Arabic describes things connected with the Arabic language, Arabs and their culture, like Arabic writing or Arabic food.
The tree, 18 words nsubj obj acl case det compound obl punct nmod cc nmod:poss conj punct case compound nmod cc compound conj punct root Arabic PROPN describes VERB things NOUN connected VERB with ADP the DET Arabic PROPN language NOUN , PUNCT Arabs PROPN and CCONJ their PRON culture NOUN , PUNCT like ADP Arabic PROPN writing NOUN or CCONJ Arabic PROPN food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 describes obj 4 connected connect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 things acl 5 with with ADP _ 8 language case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 language det 7 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 8 language compound 8 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 connected obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 Arabs punct 10 Arabs Arab PROPN Number=Plur 8 language nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 culture cc 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 culture nmod:poss 13 culture culture NOUN Number=Sing 10 Arabs conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 writing punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 writing case 16 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 17 writing compound 17 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 3 things nmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 food cc 19 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 20 food compound 20 food food NOUN Number=Sing 17 writing conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Arabic things like Arabic writing or Arabic food vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme 2 connect participle things not said here with the Arabic language Arabs and Arabs's culture vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with language=Co-Patient
Meaning 3 Arabic numerals are the usual number signs 0 to 9.
amod nsubj cop det amod compound flat case nmod punct root Arabic ADJ numerals NOUN are AUX the DET usual ADJ number NOUN signs NOUN 0 NUM to ADP 9 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arabic arabic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 numerals amod 2 numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 signs nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 signs cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 signs det 5 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 7 signs amod 6 number number NOUN Number=Sing 7 signs compound 7 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 signs flat 9 to to ADP _ 10 9 case 10 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 0 nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 signs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Arabic numerals the usual number signs tree rules
Example 1 Arabic is written from right to left.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl mark acl punct root Arabic PROPN is AUX written VERB from ADP right NOUN to SCONJ left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 3 written nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 written aux:pass 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 from from ADP _ 5 right case 5 right right NOUN Number=Sing 3 written obl 6 to to SCONJ _ 7 left mark 7 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 right acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · passive Arabic right vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from right=Material 2 leave participle vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 My friend Layla speaks Arabic and English.
nmod:poss nsubj appos obj cc conj punct root My PRON friend NOUN Layla PROPN speaks VERB Arabic PROPN and CCONJ English PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 speaks nsubj 3 Layla Layla PROPN Number=Sing 2 friend appos 4 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 4 speaks obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 English cc 7 English English PROPN Number=Sing 5 Arabic conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present My friend Arabic and English tree rules
Example 3 We use Arabic numerals like 7 and 9, not Roman ones like VII.
The tree, 13 words nsubj compound obj case nmod cc conj punct advmod amod conj case nmod punct root We PRON use VERB Arabic PROPN numerals NOUN like ADP 7 NUM and CCONJ 9 NUM , PUNCT not PART Roman ADJ ones NOUN like ADP VII PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 4 numerals compound 4 numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 5 like like ADP _ 6 7 case 6 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 numerals nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 9 cc 8 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 7 conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 ones punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 ones advmod 11 Roman roman ADJ Degree=Pos 12 ones amod 12 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 4 numerals conj 13 like like ADP _ 14 VII case 14 VII VII PROPN Number=Sing 12 ones nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present We Arabic numerals and Roman ones like VII like 7 vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent numeral=Patient
Example 4 The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET Arabic PROPN alphabet NOUN has VERB 28 NUM letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 alphabet det 2 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 3 alphabet compound 3 alphabet alphabet NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 28 28 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 letters nummod 6 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the Arabic alphabet 28 letters vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient
Example 5 Arabic is spoken in Egypt, Morocco and many other countries.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct conj cc amod amod conj punct root Arabic PROPN is AUX spoken VERB in ADP Egypt PROPN , PUNCT Morocco PROPN and CCONJ many ADJ other ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 3 spoken nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spoken aux:pass 3 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Egypt case 5 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 3 spoken obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Morocco punct 7 Morocco Morocco PROPN Number=Sing 5 Egypt conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 countries cc 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 11 countries amod 10 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 countries amod 11 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 5 Egypt conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive Arabic Egypt and Morocco and many other countries tree rules
Example 6 The mosque has beautiful Arabic writing on the wall.
det nsubj amod amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET mosque NOUN has VERB beautiful ADJ Arabic ADJ writing NOUN on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mosque det 2 mosque mosque NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 writing amod 5 Arabic arabic ADJ Degree=Pos 6 writing amod 6 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 wall case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wall det 9 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 6 writing nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the mosque beautiful Arabic writing the wall vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Patient
Example 7 Reassured by the nature of their occupation, I advanced towards them and they greeted me in Arabic, asking who I was and whence I came.
The tree, 25 words advcl case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct nsubj case obl cc nsubj conj obj case obl punct advcl obj nsubj cop cc advmod nsubj conj punct root Reassured VERB by ADP the DET nature NOUN of ADP their PRON occupation NOUN , PUNCT I PRON advanced VERB towards ADP them PRON and CCONJ they PRON greeted VERB me PRON in ADP Arabic PROPN , PUNCT asking VERB who PRON I PRON was AUX and CCONJ whence ADV I PRON came VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reassured reassure VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 advanced advcl 2 by by ADP _ 4 nature case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 nature det 4 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 1 Reassured obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 occupation case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 occupation nmod:poss 7 occupation occupation NOUN Number=Sing 4 nature nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 1 Reassured punct 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 advanced nsubj 10 advanced advance VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 towards towards ADP _ 12 them case 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 advanced obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 greeted cc 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 greeted nsubj 15 greeted greet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 advanced conj 16 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 greeted obj 17 in in ADP _ 18 Arabic case 18 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 15 greeted obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 asking punct 20 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 greeted advcl 21 who who PRON PronType=Rel 20 asking obj 22 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 21 who nsubj 23 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 who cop 24 and and CCONJ _ 27 came cc 25 whence whence ADV PronType=Int 27 came advmod 26 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 27 came nsubj 27 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 who conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 10 advanced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reassure participle I not said here by the nature of their occupation vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 advance past I towards them = they vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards they=Initial_Location 3 greet speech: greet past they me Arabic vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 4 ask speech: ask gerund they not said here vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is a past I tree rules 6 come past I whence property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 7 occupy their = they nom occupation «act transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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