archerfish Who acts: archerfish, that, It, insect, Young archerfish · What happens: be, shoot, knock, swim, eat, fall · To what, where: small fish, jet, mouth, insects, water, insect
«archerfish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: archerfish in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An archerfish is a small fish of warm rivers and mangroves in Asia and northern Australia that shoots a jet of water from its mouth to knock insects off leaves above the water.
The tree, 33 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod cc conj case nmod cc amod conj nsubj parataxis det obj case nmod case nmod:poss obl mark advcl obj case obl case det obl punct root An DET archerfish NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ fish NOUN of ADP warm ADJ rivers NOUN and CCONJ mangroves NOUN in ADP Asia PROPN and CCONJ northern ADJ Australia PROPN that PRON shoots VERB a DET jet NOUN of ADP water NOUN from ADP its PRON mouth NOUN to PART knock VERB insects NOUN off ADP leaves NOUN above ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 archerfish det 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Sing 6 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fish det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fish amod 6 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 rivers case 8 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rivers amod 9 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 6 fish nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 mangroves cc 11 mangroves mangrove NOUN Number=Plur 9 rivers conj 12 in in ADP _ 13 Asia case 13 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 9 rivers nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 Australia cc 15 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 16 Australia amod 16 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 13 Asia conj 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 shoots nsubj 18 shoots shoot VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fish parataxis 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 jet det 20 jet jet NOUN Number=Sing 18 shoots obj 21 of of ADP _ 22 water case 22 water water NOUN Number=Sing 20 jet nmod 23 from from ADP _ 25 mouth case 24 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 25 mouth nmod:poss 25 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 18 shoots obl 26 to to PART _ 27 knock mark 27 knock knock VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 shoots advcl 28 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 27 knock obj 29 off off ADP _ 30 leaves case 30 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 27 knock obl 31 above above ADP _ 33 water case 32 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 water det 33 water water NOUN Number=Sing 27 knock obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 6 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a archerfish a small fish of warm rivers in Asia and northern Australia and mangroves tree rules 2 shoot present that a jet of water archerfish's mouth vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent jet=Theme from mouth=Initial_Location 3 knock to-infinitive that not said here insects the water off leaves vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent insect=Patient off leaf=Co-Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It then swims to eat the insect when it falls.
nsubj advmod mark xcomp det obj mark nsubj advcl punct root It PRON then ADV swims VERB to PART eat VERB the DET insect NOUN when SCONJ it PRON falls VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 swims nsubj 2 then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 swims advmod 3 swims swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 eat mark 5 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 swims xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 insect det 7 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing 5 eat obj 8 when when SCONJ _ 10 falls mark 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 falls nsubj 10 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 eat advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 swims punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present It then tree rules 2 eat to-infinitive the insect vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient 3 fall present insect vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The archerfish spat a jet of water and knocked a beetle into the river.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj det obj case nmod cc conj det obj case det obl punct root The DET archerfish NOUN spat VERB a DET jet NOUN of ADP water NOUN and CCONJ knocked VERB a DET beetle NOUN into ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 archerfish det 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Plur 3 spat nsubj 3 spat spat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 jet det 5 jet jet NOUN Number=Sing 3 spat obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 jet nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 knocked cc 9 knocked knock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 spat conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 beetle det 11 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 9 knocked obj 12 into into ADP _ 14 river case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 river det 14 river river NOUN Number=Sing 9 knocked obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 spat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spat present the archerfish a jet of water tree rules 2 knock past the archerfish not said here a beetle the river vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent beetle=Theme into river=Destination
Example 2 An archerfish can hit insects more than a metre away.
det nsubj aux obj obj case det obl advmod punct root An DET archerfish NOUN can AUX hit VERB insects NOUN more ADJ than ADP a DET metre NOUN away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 archerfish det 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Sing 4 hit nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hit aux 4 hit hit VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 4 hit obj 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 hit obj 7 than than ADP _ 9 metre case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 metre det 9 metre metre NOUN Number=Sing 6 more obl 10 away away ADV _ 4 hit advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit can a archerfish insects away property vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient more=Result
Example 3 Archerfish live in mangrove swamps in Australia.
nsubj case compound obl case nmod punct root Archerfish NOUN live VERB in ADP mangrove NOUN swamps NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 swamps case 4 mangrove mangrove NOUN Number=Sing 5 swamps compound 5 swamps swamp NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 Australia case 7 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 5 swamps nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Archerfish mangrove swamps in Australia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in swamp=Location
Example 4 The archerfish corrects its aim for the bending of light.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET archerfish NOUN corrects VERB its PRON aim NOUN for ADP the DET bending NOUN of ADP light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 archerfish det 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 corrects nsubj 3 corrects correct VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 aim nmod:poss 5 aim aim NOUN Number=Sing 3 corrects obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 bending case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bending det 8 bending bending NOUN Number=Sing 3 corrects obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 light case 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 8 bending nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 corrects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 correct speech: disagree present the archerfish archerfish's aim for the bending of light vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent aim=Patient 2 aim archerfish nom aim «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Young archerfish learn by watching older ones.
amod nsubj mark advcl amod obj punct root Young ADJ archerfish NOUN learn VERB by SCONJ watching VERB older ADJ ones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 2 archerfish amod 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Plur 3 learn nsubj 3 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 watching mark 5 watching watch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 learn advcl 6 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 ones amod 7 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 5 watching obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present Young archerfish vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 watch gerund Young archerfish not said here older ones vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
Example 6 At the aquarium, the archerfish shot water at a target.
case det obl punct det nsubj obj case det obl punct root At ADP the DET aquarium NOUN , PUNCT the DET archerfish NOUN shot VERB water NOUN at ADP a DET target NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 aquarium case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 aquarium det 3 aquarium aquarium NOUN Number=Sing 7 shot obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 aquarium punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 archerfish det 6 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Sing 7 shot nsubj 7 shot shoot VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 shot obj 9 at at ADP _ 11 target case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 target det 11 target target NOUN Number=Sing 7 shot obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 shot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shoot past the archerfish water the aquarium at a target vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent water=Theme at aquarium=Destination
Example 7 The archerfish has stripes on its silvery sides.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root The DET archerfish NOUN has VERB stripes NOUN on ADP its PRON silvery ADJ sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 archerfish det 2 archerfish archerfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 stripes stripe NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 sides case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sides nmod:poss 7 silvery silvery ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sides amod 8 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 4 stripes nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the archerfish stripes archerfish's silvery sides vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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